Ap human Unit 2 Vocab quiz 1-Baratth Pillay

Agricultural Revolution

The slow change from hunter and gather societies to more agriculturally based ones through the gradual understanding of seeds, watering, and plant care.

Agricultural density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Cencus

the official count of a population

crude Birth Rate(CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Demographic Transition Model

a tool demographers use to categorize countries' population growth rates and economic structures

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

dependency ratio

the percentage of people within a population who are either too young or too old to work and must therefore be supported by the labor of working adults within that population.

dependent population

the percentage of people within a population who are either too young or too old to work and must therefore be supported by the labor of working adults within that population.

doubling time

the amount of time it takes for the population of a region to double.

Ecumene

and that is permanently populated by human society.

Epidemiologic Transition

changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death.

Epidemiology

a field of study that looks at patterns of health and disease within a population

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

Malthusian Theory

Malthus suggested that the world's population was growing faster than the rate of food production, and as a result, mass starvation would occur.

Midlatitudes

between 30 degrees and 60 degrees N and S.

Medical Revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

a statistic used to measure the growth of population in a region, exclusive of immigration and emigration.

Neo-Malthusians

believe that the population of the world is growing too quickly for the scale of agricultural production to keep up.

over Population

The lack of necessary resources to meet the needs of the population of a defined area

Pandemic

a disease that is widespread, even global in nature, and threatens all people regardless of where they live.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Population Pyramid

show the age and sex demographics of a particular country, city, or neighborhood

potential workforce

the group of population aged 15-64 that is expected to be a society's workforce.

Redistricting

The congressionally-delegated process of redrawing the boundaries of congressional districts based on US Census data to reflect changing population geography.

Sex Ratio

the number of males per one hundred females in the population.

social stratification

the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

an estimate of the average number of children born to each female in her childbearing years, whereas the rate of natural increase equals the birth rate minus the death rate.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

occurs when birth and death rates are equal

aging population

Population ageing is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy

Anti-Natalist Policies

Population ageing is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy

arithmetic growth

refers to the situation where a population increases by a constant number of persons (or other objects) in each period being analyzed

carrying capacity

The largest number of people that the environment of a region can support.

Contraception

the deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse.

Demographic accounting equation

An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time period taking into account both natural increase and net migration.

Demographic Momentum

is the tendency for growing populations to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution.

endemic

of a disease or condition) regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.

Epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Exponential Growth

Growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of people is added to a population each year.

family planning services

are defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved"

Matriarchal

relating to or denoting a form of social organization in which a woman is the head.

mortality

death, especially on a large scale.

Patriarchal

relating to or denoting a form of social organization in which a men is the head.

Pro-Natalist Policies

in public policy typically seeks to create financial and social incentives for populations to reproduce, such as providing tax incentives that reward having and supporting children.

cohort

A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit

baby boomer

Cohort of individuals born in the USA between 1946 and 1964, just after WWIl in a time of relative peace and prosperity.

Baby bust

Period of time during the 1960s and 1970s when the fertility rates in the USA dropped as large numbers of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs, causing them to marry later in life.

Generation X

Term coined by artist and author Douglas Coupland to describe people born in the USA between 1964 and 1980. This post-baby-boom generation will have to support the baby-boom cohort as they head into their retirement years

Millenials

also known as Generation Y (or simply Gen Y), are the demographic cohort following

Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.

Generation z

is the demographic cohort after the Millennials. Demographers and researchers typically use the mid-1990s to early-2000s as starting birth years. There is little consensus regarding ending birth years. Most of Generation Z have used the Internet since a young age and are comfortable with technology and social media.

Thomas Malthus

Said that population will grid faster than food and resources

E.G. Ravenstein

Laws of Migration

Ester Boserup

Said that population and resources will grow at the same time