Viral Diseases of Neuro Exam 2

What is the signalment of rabies patients?

any aged warm-blooded animal

What is the pathophysiology of rabies?

1. virus enters peripheral nerves or replicate locally in tissue

2. virus migrates to CNS ipsilateral neuron

3. once to CNS, it spreads to contralateral neurons and ascends rapidly

T or F: itching can occur at rabies inoculation site

True

T or F: rabies signs can vary based on site of inoculation

True

What causes death from rabies?

secondary to cardiopulmonary dysfunction and seizures

What signs of rabies can occur from the virus moving towards other tissues?

-salivary glands affected resulting in hypersalivaiton

-laryngeal paralysis resulting in change in sound

How is canine distemper transmitted?

oronasal contact with secretions, excretions, and erosols

What is the signalment for canine distemper?

primarily young dogs, but all are susceptible

What is the pathophysiology of distemper?

1. aerosol droplets contact respiratory epithelium

2. marcrophages uptake virus and migrate to tonsils

3. viral replication in lymphocytes

4. hematogenous spread

5. neural invasion and disseminated disease if dog has insufficient immune response

What are the clinical signs of canine distemper?

-encephalitis

-progressive neurological signs

-seizures

-ataxia

-myoclonus

How is FIP transmitted?

fecal oral

What is the signalment associated with FIP?

cats younger than 7

What is the pathophysiology of FIP?

-type 3 hypersensitivity results in effusive vasculitis and fibrin leakage

-type 4 hypersensitivity results in non-effusive inflammation

What are the clinical signs of FIP?

-muscle twitches

-atypical limb extension

-staring

-personality change

-ataxia

-seizures

-blindness

-uveitis

-retinitis

How is feline leukopenia virus transmitted?

-oronasal contact with secretions, excretion, and fomites

-transplacentally in kittens

What is the signalment associated with FeLV?

adult cats

What is the pathophysiology of FeLV?

-regressive infection contained to bone marrow

-progressive infection associated with extensive viral replication

-focal infection is rare

What are the clinical signs of FeLV?

-lymphoma

-leukemia

-secondary immunosuppression

-uveitis

-chorioretinitis

-neurologic dysfunction

How is FIV transmited?

bite wound, typically from fighting

What is the signalment associated with FIV?

adult male intact cats

What is the pathophysiology of FIV?

disease due to progressive decline in both CD4 and CD8 T cells

What is are the signs of primary stage FIV?

-lethargy

-anorexia

-waxing and waning fever

-lymphadenomegaly

What are the signs of advanced stage FIV?

-loss of CD4

-immunosuppression

What are the clinical signs of FIV?

-anterior uveitis

-hyphema

-chorioretinitis

-glaucoma

-opportunistic infections

-neurologic dysfunction depending on strain

What to do at the first sign of illness when an animal is exposed to rabies?

euthanize and test

What to do when unvaccinated animal is possibly exposed to rabies?

-euthanize and test

-strict 4 month quarantine in dogs and cats

-strict 6 month quarantine in LA and ferrets

What to do if a patient is overdue a rabies booster?

revaccinate and observe for 45 days

What to do with a patient that does not have rabies documentation?

treat as unvaccinated

What do if a vaccinated animal is possibly exposed to rabies?

revaccinate and observe for 45 days

What to do if an animal bites a human?

confine animal for 10 days regardless of vaccine status