Addiction and Substance-Related Disorders

Addiction

A primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry.

Intoxication

Development of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion or exposure.

Substance Withdrawal

Substance-specific syndrome caused by cessation or reduction of heavy, prolonged substance use.

Detoxification

The safe and effective clearance of drugs or alcohol from the body.

Co-dependence

Enabling behavior that supports another individual's substance use or addictive habits.

CAGE Questionnaire

A 4-question screening tool used to identify alcohol abuse and dependence.

CIWA Scale

An objective rating scale used to assess and monitor alcohol withdrawal severity.

CINA Scale

An assessment instrument used to evaluate clinical signs of opioid withdrawal.

Motivational Interviewing

A person-centered counseling style for addressing ambivalence about change in addiction treatment.

Sudden Sniffing Death

A fatal syndrome caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia after inhalant use.

Krokodil (Desomorphine)

A synthetic opioid known for severe tissue damage and necrosis at injection sites.

Bath Salts

Synthetic cathinones that produce severe stimulant and hallucinogenic effects.

N-bomb (smiles)

powerful synthetic hallucinogen

Four Phases of Gambling Disorder

Winning, losing, desperation, and hopelessness.

Nurse Chemical Dependence Risk Factors

High stress, easy drug accessibility, long shifts, and staffing shortages.

Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Confidential support program helping impaired healthcare professionals seek treatment and recovery.

hallucination drug effects

high BP

inc temp

mouth dryness

muscle weakness

inc hr