Y10 Physics MOCKS

All objects above the ground have ______________ energy

Gravitational Potential

What is current?

Flow of charge

What is efficiency?

A measure of how much useful energy is transferred

What is power?

The rate at which energy is transferred

In a solid, free electrons can ____ around and ______. This causes ______ energy to be ________ on by neighbouring particles vibrating along.

Move, vibrate. Heat, passed

What is specific heat capacity?

The energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 OC

What is a negative environmental impact of hydro-electric power?

Ruins habitats by flooding

What is a negative environmental impact of wind power?

Visual pollution

What is an advantage of nuclear power stations?

Very reliable

What is a disadvantage of nuclear power stations?

Long start up times

What is current measured in?

Amperes (A)

What is electric charge measured in?

Coulombs (C)

Insulators _____ allow electricity to pass through while conductors ______

Don’t, do

What is resistance?

How difficult it is for the current to flow through a material

What is resistance measured in?

Ohms

What does a voltmeter measure?

Potential Difference

What is the aim of the resistance practical?

How the length of a wire affects its resistance

What are the variables in the resistance practical?

IV: Length of wire

DV: Current (or resistance)

CV: Material of wire, thickness, temperature

What is the method for the resistance practical?

Set up circuit with a power supply, ammeter (series) and voltmeter (parallel). Measure current for different wire lengths. Keep voltage constant. Use equation (R = V / I )

What is the explanation for the resistance practical?

Longer wire = more collisions between electrons and ions → harder for current to flow → resistance increases

What are some errors/improvements of the resistance practical?

Use a ruler to measure length accurately. Repeat readings and take a mean. Keep temperature constant. Ensure good connections.

What is ohm’s law?

Current is directly proportional to voltage (if temp is constant)

Resistance in wire leads to _____ and ______ usually

Light, heat

What graph is this?

Ohmic conductor

What graph is this?

Filament lamp

What graph is this?

Diode

In a light dependent resistor, when there is high light intensity, there is ____ resistance.

Low

In a series circuit, current is ______ components but potential difference is ______

Same in all, split between

In a parallel circuit, current is ______ components but potential difference is ______

Split between, same in all

In a series circuit, resistance ______

Adds up

In a parallel circuit, resistance ______

Is less than individual resistance

What is a zero error?

When the equipment doesn’t start from zero

What is internal energy?

Kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles

What direction does direct current flow?

One constant direction

What direction does alternating current flow?

Repeatedly reverses its direction

How much voltage do main sockets provide in the UK?

230V

What is an oscilloscope used to show?

How an alternating potential difference changes with times

Why is it beneficial to transmit electricity at a high potential difference?

Requires less current → No overheating → Higher energy transfer + less resistance

What colour is the live wire?

Brown

What colour is the neutral wire?

Blue

What colour is the earth wire?

Green and yellow

What does the live wire do?

Carries the alternating potential difference from the supply (230V)

What does the neutral wire do?

Completes the circuit (0V)

What does the earth wire do?

Safety wire to stop the appliance becoming live (0V)

Why will someone on the ground with 0V get shocked by a electrical plug emitting 230V?

There is a large potential difference which the voltage will want to equalise the difference

What did Dalton think?

Thought atom was a solid sphere. No structure at all

What did J.J. Thompson do?

Discovered electrons. Made the plum pudding model → Electrons stuck in a positive mass

What did Rutherford do?

Discovered a nucleus by experimenting with gold foil. Also discovered protons

What did Bohr do?

Discovered electron shells

What did Chadwick do?

Discovered neutrons

In the gold foil experiment, the alpha particle sometimes went through the foil. This meant that an atom had _________

Empty space

In the gold foil experiment, the alpha particle sometimes deflected off the foil. This meant that the nucleus was _______ and ______

Positive, small

In the gold foil experiment, the alpha particle sometimes had a small deflection. This meant that there was something _________

Repelling

A =

B =

A = Cell
B = Battery

What is this and what does thiis do?

Switch, breaks circuit meaning current is turned off

What is this and what does this do?

Lamp, lights when current flows

What is this and what does this do?

Diode, makes current flow one way

What is this and what does this do?

LED, emits light when current flows.

What is this and what does this do?

LDR, resistance lowers in bright light

What is this and what does this do?

Fuse, melts when current is too high

What is this and what does this do?

Resistor, affects the size of current flowing

What is this and what does this do?

Variable resistor, allows current to be varied

What is this and what does this do?

Thermistor, resistance lowers at low temp

What is potential difference?

How much electrical work is done by a cell

What is charge?

Amount of electricity travelling in a circuit

Which three types of electromagnetic radiation are ionising?

UV (Ultraviolet), X-rays, and Gamma rays

Ionising radiation has enough _____ to _____ _______ from atoms. This is ________ to cells in your body.

Energy, move electrons, harmful

What is an ion?

An atom with a charge

Rank alpha, beta and gamma by penetration power (Strongest 1st)

1st = Gamma → Partially stopped by lead or concrete
2nd = Beta → Stopped by 2-3mm of aluminium
3rd = Alpha → Stopped by skin or paper

Rank alpha, beta and gamma by range of radiation (Furthest 1st)

1st = Gamma → 1-2m
2nd = Beta → 20-30cm
3rd = Alpha → 2-3cm

Rank alpha, beta and gamma by how dangerous they are outside the body (Worst 1st)

1st = Gamma
2nd = Beta
3rd = Alpha

Rank alpha, beta and gamma by how dangerous they are inside the body (Worst 1st)

1st = Alpha → Sped up cancer
2nd = Beta
3rd = Gamma

Alpha = ____ ionising
Gamma = _____ ionising

Most, least

Isotopes have ______ numbers of neutrons. The __________ controls which element it is.

Different. Atomic number

What is contamination?

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials (on skin, clothes or eaten)

What is irradiation?

The process of exposing a material to alpha, beta, or gamma radiation

What is alpha radiation?

2 neutrons, 2 protons → Helium nuclei

What is beta radiation?

High energy electron

What is gamma radiation?

High energy electromagnetic radiation

What is this?

Beta radiation

What is this?

Alpha radiation

What is this and its charge?

Gamma radiation, (0,0)

What is activity?

The average no. of nuclei that decay every second (or count rate)

Activity = (Equation + Units)

No. of nuclei that decay / Time taken in seconds.
Units = Becquerel or counters per seconds

What is a half life?

The time it takes for the no. of radioactive, unstable nuclei in the sample to halve. Also means the activity has halved.

An _____ _____ causes radioactive decy

Unstable nucleus

If 2 objects must touch to interact then these are ______ forces.
If they don’t need to directly touch to interact these are ________ forces.

Contact, non-contact

Examples of contact forces are…

Friction, stretching, air resistance

Examples of non-contact forces are…

Gravity, weight, magnetic, static

Scaler quantities are ______. This is the _______ e.g. _______

Magnitude, amount, speed

Vector quantities are magnitude and ______ e.g. ______ 10m/s _____

Direction, velocity, north

Examples of scalar =

Speed, volume, distance, temperature

Examples of vector =

Weight, acceleration, velocity, force mass, displacement.

Typical speed of walking = ____

1.5 m/s

Typical speed of running = _____

3.0 m/s (Double of walking)

Typical speed of cycling = _____

6.0 m/s (Double of running)

Typical speed of sound = _____

330-340 m/s

How would you solve this vector addition?

Draw a diagonal line, use Pythagoras’ theorem

What is the centre of mass of an object?

The point of which its mass can be thought of as being concentrated

If the line of actin is outside the base, the object will _______

Fall over