DLD Exam 2 Question Sets (7-11)

Scientifically based research is defined by all of the following except:

a. rigorous and systematic studies that employ empirical investigation strategies

b. experimental or quasi-experimental designs

c. independently published case studies

d. have been accepted by peer-reviewed journals or panel of experts

c. independently published case studies

IDEA mandates that membership of the IEP team must include a parent and, whenever appropriate, the child with a disability.

True

False

True

PICO stands for...

a. problem, interest, contrast, outcome

b. problem, intervention, contrast, opportunity

c. problem, intervention, comparison, outcome

d. prior assessment, intervention, classification, outcome

c. problem, intervention, comparison, outcome

Which of the following resources may be available to support the implementation of EBP:

a. search tools for published research evidence

b. access to other knowledgeable professionals

c. networking time

d. all of the above

e. only A and B

d. all of the above

Which of the following is the chief concern that impedes conduct of EBP?

a. lack of buy-in

b. time constraints

c. motivation

d. lack of applicability

b. time constraints

After developing a PICO question and evaluating and integrating all of the available evidence, what did Gillam and Gillam determine would be an appropriate intervention for improving morphosyntax in this particular scenario?

a. parent-directed intervention

b. clinician-directed intervention

c. peer-directed intervention

d. teacher-directed intervention

b. clinician-directed intervention

Which of the following does NOT meet all of the criteria for a PICO question?

a. Do children with specific language impairment improve in expressive morphosyntax using the Fast Forward program?

b. Is Applied Behavior Analysis more effective than Functional Communication Training at increasing number of requests for children with autism spectrum disorder?

c. Is auditory verbal therapy more effective than simultaneous communication for improving vocabulary for children with cochlear implants?

d. Which intervention - prelinguistic milieu teaching or Hanen program - shows faster improvement in expressive vocabulary for late talkers?

a. Do children with specific language impairment improve in expressive morphosyntax using the Fast Forward program?

Where can you look for reliable EBP updates including information about assessments and treatment according to disorder areas, resource links and possibly case studies?

a. SEACDC

b. ASHA online Practice Portal

c. school principal

d. library

b. ASHA online Practice Portal

Of all the ASHA CCC-SLP survey respondents, what percentage read 5-6 journal articles related to treatment or intervention for communication disorders?

a. 10%

b. 14.5%

c. 25.8%

d. 6.3%

b. 14.5%

Perzsolt et al.'s (2003) EBP decision-making process provides which of the following?

a. a way for clinicians to systematically integrate research evidence with their clinical knowledge and experience

b. parent-client preference

c. school district guidelines

d. all of the above

e. only A

d. all of the above

Which of the following is not a recommended database for clinically relevant language intervention articles?

a. Academic Search Premier

b. PsychJOURNALS

c. MEDLINE

d. PsycLit

b. PsychJOURNALS

According to the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (2011) system, Level 1 evidence...

a. includes RTCs and SRs

b. only includes measures taken after treatment

c. includes quasi-experimental studies

d. includes multiple baseline studies

a. includes RTCs and SRs

Which of the following student-parent factors should be considered as part of the EBP decision-making process?

a. student activities

b. financial resources

c. student-parent opinions

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

d. all of the above

What did the authors identify as a "weak link" in getting SLPs to engage in evidence-based practice?

a. lack of state conventions

b. sufficient training in the EBP process

c. access to the internet

d. the transfer of knowledge in peer-reviewed journals to clinicians

d. the transfer of knowledge in peer-reviewed journals to clinicians

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires service providers to integrate peer-reviewed research into students' individualized education plans. What is an example of peer-reviewed research?

a. an article on Huffington Post that describes results of a clinical drug trial to treat ASD

b. an article in the ASHA Leader on outcomes of children who are hard of hearing

c. an article in the Atlantic that describes results from a recent study looking at how caregivers' responses to infant babbling improves speech and language skills

d. an article in the American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology that examines the comparison of finite verb morphology in children with SLI and children with typical language skills

d. an article in the American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology that examines the comparison of finite verb morphology in children with SLI and children with typical language skills

Of the three options for nonoral feeding, which involves surgical risk?

a. nasogastric tube

b. orogastric tube

c. gastronomy tube

c. gastronomy tube

You are working with a family and want to encourage them to use baby talk during interactions. Which of the following would be a strategy you could recommend?

a. decreasing utterance length

b. decreasing pitch

c. decreasing prosody

d. increasing rate

a. decreasing utterance length

It is most common for infants receiving speech and language therapy through early intervention to receive those services at ________ .

a. center-based programs

b. home

c. private clinics

d. hospitals

b. home

Opening a balloon jar and then waiting for a child to vocalize or gesture before you blow bubbles is an example of:

a. providing natural consequences

b. scaffolding

c. "upping the ante"

d. communication temptations

d. communication temptations

Which of the following is an example of good "core vocabulary" words to include in an AAC system for children in the prelinguistic stage?

a. the color "blue"

b. the animal "cow"

c. "Elsa" from Frozen

d. the verb "help"

d. the verb "help"

Which technique has been shown to be associated with decreased length of hospital stay, other periods of assisted ventilation, increased periods of alter ness with infants in the NICU?

a. "sloth care"

b. "kangaroo care"

c. "koala care"

d. "caterpillar care"

b. "kangaroo care"

In what ways may an infant readiness for communicative interaction with their parent?

a. gaze at the parent

b. expression of comfort vocalizations

c. sleepiness and yawning

d. al of the above

e. A and B

e. A and B

When should you encourage a parent to engage in book reading with their child?

a. when the child can point

b. when the child can identify letters

c. when the child can babble

d. it is never too early

d. it is never too early

TIPS is an acronym used to help parents of pre-intentional infants optimize parent-child communication. S, "setting the stage", prompts parents to...

a. mirror any infant sounds

b. bringing stimuli that the child likes within view

c. stopping during routinized moments of play to allow the child to request the next part of an action

d. exchange in back and forth interactions

c. stopping during routinized moments of play to allow the child to request the next part of an action

According to Paul and Norbury (2012), what is the first component for intervention in the area of parent-infant communication?

a. provide instruction and modeling of adult-infant communication

b. make parents and caregivers aware of the normal communicative patterns of infants

c. help parents develop self-monitoring skills

b. make parents and caregivers aware of the normal communicative patterns of infants

Comrie and Helm (1997) suggest that if breastfeeding is not possible, consider a variety of bottle/nipple characteristics which help manipulate...

a. flow rate

b. suction

c. compression

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

If an infant's behaviors resemble 'active alert' (as described by Blackburn, 1978) the parents...

a. can provide something for the baby to look at

b. can cuddle and console to bring the baby to less aroused state

c. can leave the infant alone to return to sleep

d. can feed the infant

b. can cuddle and console to bring the baby to less aroused state

Encouraging parents to _____________, can increase the frequency and maturity of infants sound production.

a. avoid rattles, tickling games and mirrors

b. engage in higher-than-normal levels of back-and-forth babbling play

c. imitate only age appropriate vocalizations

d. limit intonation and decrease repetitions

b. engage in higher-than-normal levels of back-and-forth babbling play

What is the type of service plan that is required for a child in the birth-to-three age range who qualifies for early intervention services?

a. Individualized Education Plan

b. Individual Family Service Plan

c. Section 504 Plan

b. Individual Family Service Plan

What is an example of an early intervention curriculum that focuses on increasing parents' confidence in their ability to interact with their baby?

a. Hanen Early Language Parent Program

b. Applied Behavior Analysis

c. letting the child direct the intervention

d. PACER self-advocacy program

a. Hanen Early Language Parent Program

Olswang and Brian (1991) discussed three major purposes of intervention, including...

a. to change or eliminate the underlying problem

b. to change the disorder

c. to teach compensatory strategies

d. all of the above

e. only A

d. all of the above

According to Olswang and Brian (1991), intervention for the purpose of _____________ preserves a behavior that would otherwise decrease or disappear.

a. facilitation

b. maintenance

c. conservation

d. induction

b. maintenance

When prioritizing intervention goals, the clinician should place forms and functions used in 50% to 90% of required at ________ priority.

a. highest

b. high

c. medium

d. lower

d. lower

Clinician-directed (CD) approaches, are also referred to as...

a. drill

b. discrete trial intervention

c. focused stimulation

d. all of the above

e. only A and B

e. only A and B

Which of the following intervention approaches is considered the most natural?

a. clinician-directed

b. hybrid

c. child-centered

d.discrete child

c. child-centered

Bayles (2011) and Gillam and Leob (2010) identified several essential 'ingredients' that appear to be associated with enhanced learning in intervention settings. Which of the following 'ingredients' is described as teaching in the zone of proximal development by providing activities that the client can only do with the clinicians support?

a. feedback

b. repetition

c. control complexity

d. distributed practice

c. control complexity

Binger and Light (2006) suggest approximately _____% of young children receiving special education services make use of AAC.

a. 9

b. 12

c. 32

d. 40

b. 12

Which of the following is an example of intrinsic reinforcements?

a. the child is given a sticker after a correct response

b. the child says, "want crayon" and is given one

c. the child is given a token reward

d. the child is told "good talking!"

b. the child says, "want crayon" and is given one

One of Costello's idea for promoting generalization suggests the clinician use stimuli that are semantically relevant, but not direct targets of intervention. This involves introducing...

a. intermittent reinforcement

b. exemplars

c. distracter items

d. self-monitoring

c. distracter items

In the consultant model of service delivery, which of the following may be an alternative agent of intervention?

a. classroom teachers

b. peers

c. SLPA

d. all of the above

e. only A and C

d. all of the above

According to ASHA (2004) criteria, if the individual's speech or language skills no longer adversely affect social, emotional or educational status, intervention may be terminated.

True

False

True

The SLP has several roles to play in the RTI process, including...

a. using expertise in evaluation methods

b. consulting with teachers and educating staff about how language influences all areas of school performance

c. help design procedures for Tier II instruction

d. all of the above

e. only B and c

d. all of the above

As defined by ASHA, early detection and treatment used to eliminate disorders, thereby preventing further complications, corresponds to which level of prevention?

a. primary prevention

b. secondary prevention

c. tertiary prevention

d. intervention prevention

b. secondary prevention

A slower-than-natural rate of speech, song and rhyme often helps the language-learning child maximize learning in structured intervention activities.

True

False

True

Incorporating the continuum of naturalness into therapy can be done by...

a. complementing CD activities with more hybrid approaches

b. engineering the environment

c. letting the child direct the intervention

d. all of the above

e. only A and B

e. only A and B

What is the rationale for parent involvement in intervention for children with emerging language?

a. parent involvement may promote more generalization

b. parent involvement may improve other aspects of functioning (i.e., social skills)

c. parent involvement will allow the SLP to educate and counsel

d. all of the above

e. A and B

d. all of the above

Assigning dramatic roles or emotions to the self, others or inanimate objects, is described as which play type?

a. imagining absent objects

b. functional play with objects

c. assigning absent attributes

d. substitution sequence

c. assigning absent attributes

You are working with an 18-month-old who will take turns producing "dadada" with you, claps his hands to imitate you and raises his arms when you play the "So Big" game. What would be an appropriate skill to work on next, as part of home-based intervention services?

a. encouraging the child to label a toy duck during bath time

b. trying to get the child to say "ball"

c. having the child request via signs such as "more"

d. teaching the child how to use a basic AAC system

a. encouraging the child to label a toy duck during bath time

With prelinguistic milieu teaching, up to how much time should you allow the client to initiate a response back before you talk?

a. 5 seconds

b. 10 seconds

c. 15 seconds

d. 20 seconds

c. 15 seconds

To elicit two-word utterances, which would be an example of using script therapy?

a. singing "Twinkle-Twinkle" and changing the word "star" to "moon"

b. reading "Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What do you hear?" but saying "Pink Frog, Pink Frog"

c. singing "Five Little Monkeys" but showing finger puppets of cats

d. all of the above

e. B and C only

d. all of the above

When working with children with ASD, based on the textbook, what kind of materials should you use?

a. black and white drawings

b. real objects

c. photographs

d. symbolic objects

b. real objects

ILS is especially appropriate for children in the ________ month range.

a. 18-24

b. 18-36

c. 18-38

d. 18-48

b. 18-36

Which word would you expect a typically developing child to say first?

a. happy

b. mommy

c. water bottle

d. sleepy

b. mommy

If a child only has stops /b/, /p/ and /g/ and the glides /h/ and /w/ present in their inventory, what words would you include when planning a lexicon for this particular client?

a. shop

b. hi

c. bye-bye

d. all of the above

e. B and C

e. B and C

ELI is a...

a. CD approach

b. CC approach

c. DD approach

d. hybrid approach

a. CD approach

During the emerging language period, parents can use books to...

a. do nothing - it is too soon to begin thinking about literacy

b. model important elements of the text by using increased intonation and stress

c. encourage decontextualized talk relating the stories to their own day to day life

d. B and C

d. B and C

Children with ASD typically ___________ their echoed speech as their spontaneous language __________.

a. increase; decreases

b. decrease; grows

c. maintain; expands

d. continue; develops

b. decrease; grows

FCT provides support to students with emerging language by...

a. singularly teaching students how to express their needs

b. providing strategies for a range of situations in which communication can reduce a problem behavior

c. assessing the surface level problem and make changes without analyzing any deeper

d. teaching social skills from a curriculum-based model

b. providing strategies for a range of situations in which communication can reduce a problem behavior

For children with developmental ages less than 18 months, _________ systems are most often recommended.

a. symbolic

b. iconic

c. referential

d. orthographic

b. iconic

Which of the following is not an example of a "literacy artifact"?

a. letters for felt boards

b. paper stapled into books

c. listening to music

d. adaptive writing materials

c. listening to music

Which of the following is a word that children with DLD would likely have difficulty acquiring?

a. ball

b. shoe

c. wish

d. go

c. wish

Which of the following morphological markers would you expect a child with DLD to have the least difficulty with?

a. regular past tense

b. irregular past tense

c. third person singular

d. articles

b. irregular past tense

In an auditory bombardment activity, how is the child expected to respond during the activity?

a. by imitation

b. by providing pragmatically-appropriate responses

c. he/she isn't supposed to respond

d. by filling in the blank

c. he/she isn't supposed to respond

According to Fey (2000), which of the following indirect language stimulation techniques is especially effective for children in the developing language stage?

a. parallel talk

b. expansions

c. extensions

d. recast

d. recast

Which of the following semantic content words is particularly difficult for children with ASD?

a. ball (noun)

b. run (verb)

c. believe (mental state)

d. I/you (didactic terms)

e. C and D only

e. C and D only

Metaphonology is another word for...

a. semantics

b. syntax

c. phonological awareness

d. phoneme correspondence

c. phonological awareness

Which of the following is not a typical grammatical deficit in children with language impairments?

a. bound morphemes

b. -ing endings

c. axillary verbs

d. articles

b. -ing endings

According to the text, research has shown that the most effective interventions for children at risk for later reading problems focus on...

a. explicit teaching of phonemic awareness

b. syntactic representations

c. letter-sound relationships

d. all of the above

e. A and C

e. A and C

In a ______________ approach, two words that differ by the target phoneme are presented for contrast. For example, the words _____________.

a. minimal pairs; zoo/pool

b. maximal pairs; suit/toot

c. minimal pairs; suit/toot

d contrastive drills; zoo/gym

c. minimal pairs; suit/toot

Which of the following is not a major characteristic of ILS as defined by Junker and Stockman (2012)?

a. client-directed approaches

b. contingent feedback

c. balanced turn-taking

d. extension of the child's topic

a. client-directed approaches

Which of the following is an example of an event structure that can be used in conjunction with script therapy for a child.

a. tying their shoes

b. ordering lunch in the school cafeteria

c. riding a bike

d. writing their name

b. ordering lunch in the school cafeteria

Which of the following is not an example of a print referencing activity used to enhance interactions with preschool storybooks?

a. print order

b. print function

c. print walk

d. letter names

c. print walk

The RTI framework of instruction includes more intensive instruction for children whom progress monitoring indicated a need for additional support. This description of support falls under which Tier?

a. Tier I

b. Tier II

c. Tier III

d. Tier IV

b. Tier II

When providing intervention for students with echolalia, the clinician can echo the child's echo, then ring a slight change and encourage imitation oft that change. This elicits...

a. delayed echolalia

b. immediate echolalia

c. mitigated echolalia

d. redirected echolalia

c. mitigated echolalia

Which of the following strategies for prompting language use gives children discrete guidelines through visual schedules or social stories?

a. peer mediation

b. self-monitoring

c. socio-dramatic script training

d. system of least prompts

b. self-monitoring