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synovial
relating to a type of joint which is surrounded by a thick flexible membrane forming a sac into which is secreted a viscous fluid that lubricates the joint
medial
towards the middle/center
lateral
farther from the middle
flexion
bending a limb at a joint
extension
straightening a limb at a joint
abduction
moving a limb away from the midline of the body
adduction
moving a limb towards the midline of the body
pronation
turning the forearm so the palm is down
supination
turning the forearm so the palm is up
circumduction
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
inversion
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
eversion
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
rotation
moving the head around a central axis
protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
elevation
raising a body part
depression
lowering a body part
anterior
in front of
posterior
farther back
superior
above
crepitation
audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement; when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened
osteoporosis
a disease involving the loss of mineralized bone mass, which leads to porous bone and thus the risk of fractures
myalgia
cramping or aching of muscles
dislocation
a separation of two bones where they meet a joint
subluxation
partial dislocation; misalignment
contracture
shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of a joint
ankylosis
abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones
dermatome
circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve
syncope
fainting; mainly caused by a drop in blood pressure
seizures
burst of uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells that causes temporary abnormalities in muscle tone of movements
atrophy
gradual decline in effectiveness or vigor of body tissue or an organ; usually d/t degeneration of cells
analgesia
the inability to feel pain
anesthesia
medical intervention that prevents patients from feeling pain
kinesthesia
awareness of the position and movement of parts of the body by means of sensory organs in the muscles and joints
asterognosis
the inability to discriminate shape and size by touch and recognize objects by touch
hyperreflexia
hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles
hyporeflexia
a symptom in which your skeletal muscles have a decreased or absent reflex response
clonus
involuntary and rhythmic muscle contractions caused by a permanent lesion in descending motor neurons
H20
water
ac
before meals
pc
after meals
ABC
airway, breathing, circulation
NPO
nothing by mouth
PO
by mouth
A&O
alert and oriented
LOC
level of consciousness
