MedTerm 6

synovial

relating to a type of joint which is surrounded by a thick flexible membrane forming a sac into which is secreted a viscous fluid that lubricates the joint

medial

towards the middle/center

lateral

farther from the middle

flexion

bending a limb at a joint

extension

straightening a limb at a joint

abduction

moving a limb away from the midline of the body

adduction

moving a limb towards the midline of the body

pronation

turning the forearm so the palm is down

supination

turning the forearm so the palm is up

circumduction

moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

inversion

moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

eversion

moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

rotation

moving the head around a central axis

protraction

moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

retraction

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

elevation

raising a body part

depression

lowering a body part

anterior

in front of

posterior

farther back

superior

above

crepitation

audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement; when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened

osteoporosis

a disease involving the loss of mineralized bone mass, which leads to porous bone and thus the risk of fractures

myalgia

cramping or aching of muscles

dislocation

a separation of two bones where they meet a joint

subluxation

partial dislocation; misalignment

contracture

shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of a joint

ankylosis

abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones

dermatome

circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve

syncope

fainting; mainly caused by a drop in blood pressure

seizures

burst of uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells that causes temporary abnormalities in muscle tone of movements

atrophy

gradual decline in effectiveness or vigor of body tissue or an organ; usually d/t degeneration of cells

analgesia

the inability to feel pain

anesthesia

medical intervention that prevents patients from feeling pain

kinesthesia

awareness of the position and movement of parts of the body by means of sensory organs in the muscles and joints

asterognosis

the inability to discriminate shape and size by touch and recognize objects by touch

hyperreflexia

hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles

hyporeflexia

a symptom in which your skeletal muscles have a decreased or absent reflex response

clonus

involuntary and rhythmic muscle contractions caused by a permanent lesion in descending motor neurons

H20

water

ac

before meals

pc

after meals

ABC

airway, breathing, circulation

NPO

nothing by mouth

PO

by mouth

A&O

alert and oriented

LOC

level of consciousness