Week 4 Muscle Tables: Upper Limb Anatomy

Vocabulary study flashcards covering origins, insertions, actions, and innervations for muscles of the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, thumb, and fingers from the Week 4 lecture tables.

Pectoralis major - clavicular

Origin: Medial half of clavicle. Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle, humerus. Action: Shoulder flexion, IR, horizontal adduction. Innervation: Lateral pectoral; C5-7.

Pectoralis major - sternocostal

Origin: Anterior sternum; cartilages ribs 1-6. Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle, humerus. Action: Oblique adduction toward opposite iliac crest; depress shoulder girdle. Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral; C6-T1.

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Inferior scapular angle; T7-T12 spinous processes; last 3-4 ribs; thoracolumbar fascia; posterior iliac crest. Insertion: Intertubercular groove, humerus. Action: Shoulder IR, adduction, extension (origin fixed). Innervation: Thoracodorsal; C6-8.

Teres major

Origin: Dorsal inferior angle and lower third lateral scapular border. Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle, humerus. Action: Shoulder extension, adduction, IR. Innervation: Lower subscapular; C5-7.

Deltoid - anterior

Origin: Anterior/superior/lateral third of clavicle. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity, humerus. Action: Abduction; flexion, IR, horizontal adduction. Innervation: Axillary; C5-6.

Deltoid - middle

Origin: Lateral margin and superior acromion. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity, humerus. Action: Shoulder abduction. Innervation: Axillary; C5-6.

Deltoid - posterior

Origin: Scapular spine. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity, humerus. Action: Abduction; extension, ER, horizontal abduction. Innervation: Axillary; C5-6.

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa, scapula. Insertion: Greater tubercle, humerus. Action: Abduction, ER; GH stabilization. Innervation: Suprascapular; C4-6.

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa, scapula. Insertion: Greater tubercle, humerus. Action: ER; GH stabilization. Innervation: Suprascapular; (C4), C5-6.

Teres minor

Origin: Upper two-thirds dorsal lateral scapular border. Insertion: Greater tubercle, humerus. Action: ER; GH stabilization. Innervation: Axillary; C5-6.

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa. Insertion: Lesser tubercle, humerus. Action: IR; GH stabilization. Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular; C5-7.

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process, scapula. Insertion: Medial midshaft humerus. Action: Shoulder flexion, adduction. Innervation: Musculocutaneous; C6-7.

Triceps brachii

Origin: Long: infraglenoid tubercle; lateral: proximal posterior humerus; medial: distal posterior humerus. Insertion: Posterior olecranon, ulna. Action: All: elbow extension; long: assists shoulder extension/adduction. Innervation: Radial; C6-T1.

Biceps brachii

Origin: Short: coracoid process; long: supraglenoid tubercle, scapula. Insertion: Radial tuberosity; bicipital aponeurosis. Action: Elbow flexion; forearm supination; shoulder flexion. Innervation: Musculocutaneous; C5-6.

Brachialis

Origin: Distal half anterior humerus. Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process. Action: Elbow flexion. Innervation: Musculocutaneous; small radial branch; C5-6.

Anconeus

Origin: Posterior lateral epicondyle, humerus. Insertion: Lateral olecranon and proximal posterior ulna. Action: Elbow extension. Innervation: Radial; C7-8.

Brachioradialis

Origin: Proximal two-thirds lateral supracondylar ridge, humerus. Insertion: Lateral radial styloid. Action: Elbow flexion; assists resisted pronation/supination. Innervation: Radial; C5-6.

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle; radial collateral and annular ligaments; supinator crest of ulna. Insertion: Proximal third anterolateral radius. Action: Forearm supination. Innervation: Radial; C5-6 (C7).

Pronator teres

Origin: Humeral: common flexor tendon, medial epicondyle; ulnar: coronoid process. Insertion: Mid lateral radius. Action: Pronation; assists elbow flexion. Innervation: Median; C6-7.

Pronator quadratus

Origin: Anterior distal quarter ulna (medial side). Insertion: Anterior distal quarter radius (lateral side). Action: Forearm pronation. Innervation: Median; C7-T1.

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Common flexor tendon, medial epicondyle. Insertion: Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals. Action: Wrist flexion and radial deviation; assists elbow flexion; may assist pronation. Innervation: Median; C6-8.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Humeral: medial epicondyle; ulnar: olecranon and proximal posterior ulna. Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal. Action: Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation; assists elbow flexion. Innervation: Ulnar; C7-T1.

Palmaris longus

Origin: Common flexor tendon, medial epicondyle. Insertion: Flexor retinaculum; palmar aponeurosis. Action: Tenses palmar fascia; wrist flexion; may assist elbow flexion. Innervation: Median; (C6), C7-T1.

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin: Distal third lateral supracondylar ridge, humerus. Insertion: Dorsal base second metacarpal. Action: Wrist extension and radial deviation; assists elbow flexion. Innervation: Radial; C5-8.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Origin: Common extensor tendon, lateral epicondyle. Insertion: Dorsal base third metacarpal. Action: Wrist extension; assists radial deviation. Innervation: Radial; C6-8.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Common extensor tendon, lateral epicondyle. Insertion: Ulnar base fifth metacarpal. Action: Wrist extension and ulnar deviation. Innervation: Radial; C6-8.

Flexor pollicis longus

Origin: Anterior radius and interosseous membrane. Insertion: Palmar base of distal thumb phalanx. Action: Thumb IP, MCP and CMC flexion; assists wrist flexion. Innervation: Median; (C6), C7-T1.

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin: Posterior radius, ulna and interosseous membrane. Insertion: Radial base of first metacarpal. Action: Thumb CMC abduction and extension; radial deviation; may assist wrist flexion. Innervation: Radial; C6-8.

Extensor pollicis longus

Origin: Middle posterior ulna and interosseous membrane. Insertion: Dorsal base distal thumb phalanx. Action: Thumb IP extension; assists thumb MCP/CMC and wrist extension, radial deviation. Innervation: Radial; C6-8.

Extensor pollicis brevis

Origin: Posterior radius and interosseous membrane. Insertion: Dorsal base proximal thumb phalanx. Action: Thumb MCP extension; assists CMC extension and radial deviation. Innervation: Radial nerve (roots not specified in table summary).

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: Humeral: medial epicondyle, UCL and interosseous membrane; ulnar: coronoid; radial: proximal anterior radius. Insertion: Sides of middle phalanges, digits 2-5. Action: Flexes digits 2-5 at PIP and MCP; assists wrist flexion. Innervation: Median; C7-T1.

Flexor digitorum profundus

Origin: Anteromedial proximal three-quarters ulna. Insertion: Palmar bases distal phalanges, digits 2-5. Action: Flexes digits 2-5 at DIP, PIP and MCP; assists wrist flexion. Innervation: Median digits 2-3; ulnar digits 4-5; C7-T1.

Extensor digitorum

Origin: Common extensor tendon, lateral epicondyle. Insertion: Extensor expansions digits 2-5 (middle and distal phalanges). Action: Extends digits 2-5 MCP/PIP/DIP; assists wrist extension and radial deviation. Innervation: Radial; C6-8.