Chapter 6

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the key concepts from the lecture notes regarding cartilage and bone structure, functions, and types.

Cartilage

A resilient and flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including joints, the rib cage, ear, and nose.

Perichondrium

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage, providing support and aiding in its growth and repair.

Chondrocyte

The specialized cell found in cartilage responsible for maintaining the cartilage matrix.

Hyaline cartilage

The most abundant type of cartilage, characterized by its glossy, blue-white appearance and used for support and flexibility.

Elastic cartilage

A type of cartilage that contains many elastic fibers, allowing it to withstand repeated bending, found in structures such as the epiglottis and external ear.

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage that is capable of withstanding strong compression and tension, found in the intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.

Appositional growth

A process by which chondroblasts in the perichondrium produce new layers of cartilage.

Interstitial growth

A process of cartilage growth where chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within.

Ossification (osteogenesis)

The process by which bone tissue is formed, including intramembranous and endochondral ossification.

Endochondral ossification

The process in which bone develops from a hyaline cartilage model, common for most bones of the body.

Epiphyseal plate

A layer of hyaline cartilage that allows for growth in the length of long bones during childhood.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that produce and secrete the bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes.

Bone remodeling

The continuous process of bone formation and resorption that occurs throughout life.

Osteoporosis

A bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures, often occurring in postmenopausal women.

Rickets

A condition in children caused by inadequate mineralization of bones, leading to soft and weak bones.