Research methods in cognitive science - Modeling, Observation & Evolutionary approach

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on cognitive science research methods, modeling, observation, and evolution.

The Roadmap lists the main methods as Experimental, Modeling, Observation, and __.

Evolutionary approach

Eye-tracking is a method listed under the cognitive science roadmap's __ methods.

Experimental

In information processing, cognitive processes are simulated using a __ metaphor.

computer

In bottom-up information processing, the flow of information goes from Visual input to the __ level (features).

intermediate

Top-down/interactive processing relies on prior exposure or knowledge to generate __.

expectations

In a connectionist network, each __ simulates one neuron.

node

In a connectionist model, activation can spread to __ nodes.

other

In machine learning, the computer is trained to classify a __ data distribution.

huge

Machine learning relies largely on __ and programming.

statistics

Box-and-arrow models are a __ metaphor used to represent processing routes.

computer

Box-and-arrow modelling shows the processing route in perception and __.

recognition

Connectionism evolved into machine learning, deep learning and __.

AI (artificial intelligence)

What’s observable in observation methods includes actual behavior and __.

emotion

What’s not observable includes internal cognitive __.

processes

Controlled observation combines __ and observation.

experiment

One topic in controlled observation is environmental factors affecting students’ __ in a large lecture hall.

attention

Another topic in controlled observation is environmental factors affecting students’ __ in a large lecture hall.

attendance rate

Non-naturalistic observation uses clinical __.

interviews

In non-naturalistic observation, questions may be designed __.

beforehand

Naturalistic observation adds __ validity.

ecological

Naturalistic observation lacks experimental __.

control

Research on non-human primates uses lab experiments and __ observations.

naturalistic

In the Evolutionary approach, natural selection implies evolutionary __.

pressure

Fossil records provide evidence about cognitive evolution, including development of technology, anatomical changes, cultural traits, and emergence of __.

language

fMRI answers the question 'Where' in brain activity, while EEG answers ''.

When

Structuralism focuses on the 'what' question by examining mental __ through introspection.

elements

Functionalism asks about the __ of mental processes.

functions

Empiricism holds that knowledge is built by accumulating __.

experiences

Behaviorism emphasizes stimulus–response and explains behavior through reinforcement and __.

conditioning

Nativism posits pre-wired biological functions and opposes __ views.

behaviorist

Ecological approach is derived from functionalism and focuses on real-world __.

settings

Evolutionary approach seeks the origin and evolution of human __.

intelligence

A behavioral study examining why people categorize objects could fit more than one __.

theory

To understand the evolution of human foraging behavior, a behavioral experiment comparing chimps and humans could fit multiple __.

theories/approaches