NERVOUS SYSTEM

Communication across a synapse involves the release of:

Neurotransmitters

Which glial cell provides an immune role in the nervous system?

Microglia

What function does myelin perform?

Increases the speed of impulse conduction

Sensory neurons travelling in a cranial nerve would be part of the __________ division of the __________.

afferent, PNS

Extracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________, while intracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________.

sodium, potassium

Which glial cell provides an immune role in the nervous system?

Microglia

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for commands to modify heart rate?

Autonomic motor

Which is true of the structural organisation of the central nervous system?

gray matter in the spinal cord is located on the inside with white matter on the outside

Which of these is not a somatic sensory function?

pain from visceral organs

Sensory neurons travelling in a cranial nerve would be part of the __________ division of the __________.

afferent, PNS

Each of the following is a function of the nervous system, except :

directing activities that continue for extended periods, such as growth and pregnancy.

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS are:

Afferent nerves

In the neuron, the dendrites are the parts that:

receive stimuli from the environment or from other other neurons

The sodium-potassium exchange pump:

requires ATP in order to function.

The membrane potential found across the membrane of all living cells is maintained by:

the sodium–potassium pump

Nerves that carry impulses from the CNS are:

efferent nerves

Communication across a synapse involves the release of:

neurotransmitters

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called the:

Axon

The term central nervous system refers to the:

brain and spinal cord

An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the:

Synapse

Spinal nerves are:

Mixed

A synapse is:

a specialised site where cell to cell chemical communication takes place.

The peripheral nervous system consists of the:

cranial and spinal nerves

What function does myelin perform

Increases the speed of impulse conduction

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease leading to demyelination of affected axons. Based on what you know of the function of myelin, what causes individuals with MS to experience problems with both movement and sensation?

Nerve impulse conduction is slowed and may even cease, affecting muscle and sensory activity.

Opening of sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in:

depolarisation

Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. What effect would this toxin have on the function of neurons?

The axon would be unable to generate action potentials

How does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a neuron differ from the external surface when the neuron is at rest? 

The interior surface is negatively charged and has fewer sodium ions

A patient who show signs of myelin damage is likely to have neurological symptoms due to:

problems with impulse conduction (propagation)

Which is true of glial cells?

ependymal cells create CSF and assist in CSF flow

Immediately after an action potential has passed, which channels open to allow the membrane potential to return to normal?

Potassium

Tetrodotoxin is a toxin that blocks the voltage-gated sodium channels from opening. What effect would this have on the function of neurons?

The neuron would be unable to conduct action potentials