(CH. 6 Tests) Major Test B Study Guide - SRVY 2331

SRVY 2331 Chapter 6 Static GNSS Surveying Questions and Chapter 6 Lecture Note/Power Point Quiz

As mentioned in Chapter 6, local accuracy, also known as relative accuracy, represents the what in the positions relative to the other adjacent points to which they should be directly connected?

Uncertainty

The burden of the equipment, techniques, and planning required to reach the old first-order standard was something most who were happy to leave to government agencies?

Surveyors

Which statement concerning loop closure in a GNSS network is not correct?

No baselines should be excluded from a loop closure analysis

How many observation sessions are required for a GNSS control survey involving 20 stations, 4 receivers, redundancy of 2, production factor of 1.1, and safety factor of 0.2?

15 observation sessions

What is the session estimation formula?

s = (m × n) / r + (m × n)(p − 1) / r + k × m

What does s represent in the session estimation formula?

Number of observing sessions

What does m represent in the session estimation formula?

Number of stations

What does r represent in the session estimation formula?

Number of receivers

What does n represent in the session estimation formula?

Planned redundancy

What does p represent in the session estimation formula?

Production factor

What does k represent in the session estimation formula?

Safety factor

How many independent and dependent baselines are created in one GNSS session using four receivers?

3 independent baselines and 3 dependent baselines

How many independent baselines are produced in a GNSS session with five receivers?

4

In areas that are not heavily treed and generally free of overhead what may allow sufficient accuracy without prior design?

Obstructions

Which quantity, when added to an astronomic azimuth, yields a geodetic azimuth?

Laplace correction

What is the standard symbol used for project points in a GNSS control survey?

A solid dot

What is the standard symbol for a horizontal control point?

A triangle

What is the standard symbol for a vertical control point?

A square or open circle

Which NGS data sheet search is not possible?

A search using a station's geoid height

Which factor would not affect the place of a station in a static GNSS observation schedule?

Line-of-sight with other stations in the survey

Relative static positioning involves several stationary receivers simultaneously collecting data during what?

Observation sessions

What is the best configuration for horizontal control in a non-route GNSS static control survey?

Divide the project into four quadrants and choose at least one horizontal control station near the project boundary in each quadrant

How many quadrants should contain horizontal control under the quadrant rule?

At least 3

Which statement about the zero-baseline test is not true?

The zero-baseline test eliminates random noise and receiver biases from the results

What errors are eliminated in a zero-baseline test?

Satellite clock biases, ephemeris errors, atmospheric biases, and multipath

What remains after a zero-baseline test?

Random noise and receiver biases

What information is not available from the NGS data sheet for a passive station?

The latitude and longitude of the primary azimuth mark

A loop made entirely from baselines observed in a single session will always close at zero, so it provides no real check.

True

Vertical uncertainty is typically larger than horizontal uncertainty in GNSS surveys.

True

What best describes accuracy as opposed to precision?

How close measurements are to the true value, which requires a known standard for comparison

Multipath is worst for signals arriving at what elevation?

Low elevation angles

GNSS observations give orthometric heights, while spirit leveling gives ellipsoidal heights.

False

What does GNSS directly provide?

Ellipsoidal heights

What does spirit leveling provide?

Orthometric heights

An NGS PID consists of what format?

2 letters followed by 4 numbers

Static GNSS stations must be intervisible with one another in post-processed work.

False

How long is full-rate NOAA CORS data available before being decimated to 30-second intervals?

30 days

According to the lecture, what is the most common blunder in GNSS field work?

Mismeasured antenna height (H.I.)

Network accuracy expresses uncertainty relative to what?

A datum such as the NSRS

Why are antennas usually oriented the same direction, typically north?

To reduce phase center variation

On an NGS data sheet, the Laplace correction is used to do what?

Convert an astronomic azimuth to a geodetic azimuth

What is a zero-baseline test?

Two receivers share one antenna through a splitter to test receiver noise and processing software

The FGCC's AA order is how many times more accurate than first order?

1000 times

What is the minimum number of satellites required for relative static positioning?

4

Fast-moving traffic near a station is usually a major source of multipath.

False

What is the minimum recommended number of benchmarks for vertical control?

4

Which PDOP value indicates excellent satellite geometry?

Below 2