Macbeth Act IV
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142 Terms
Where does act 4 scene 1 take place?
In the witches cavern
Who appears first in act 4 scene 1?
The three witches
What are the witches doing at the start of scene 1?
Brewing a potion in a cauldron
What famous line begins the scene?
“Double, double toil, and trouble; Fire burn and cauldron bubble”
What does the witches chant symbolize?
Evil and chaos
Who enters after the witches chant?
Macbeth
Why does Macbeth visits the witches again?
To learn his future and secure his power
What does Macbeth demand from the witches?
To show him apparitions that can tell his fate
How many apparitions do the witches show Macbeth?
Three
What is the first apparition?
an armed head
What does the first apparition tell Macbeth?
“Beware Macduff”
What does the armed head symbolize?
Macbeths fear of Macduff and his own conscience
WHat is the second apparitition?
He believes he is invincible
WHat is the third apparition?
A crowned child holding a tree
What does the third apparition say?
“Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Hill”
How does Macbeth interpret the third prophecy?
He thinks hes safe forever since trees can’t move
What does Macbeth ask after seeing the apparitions?
If Banquos descendants will eve rule
What appears in response to Macbeths question about Banquo?
A line fo eight kings, Banquos ghost following
What does the vision of the kings means?
Banquos descendants will inherit the throne
How does Macbeth react to seeing banquos line?
Hes horrified and angry
What happens to the witches after showing the apparartions?
They vanish
Who enters after the witches disappear?
Lennox
What news does Lennox bring?
Macduff has fled to England
How does Macbeth react to Macduff’s flight?
He decides to kill Macduff’s family
What theme is shown by Macbeths plan to kill Macduff’s family
The corruption of unchecked ambition
What does “Infected be the air wherein they ride mean”?
Macbeth curses the witches as evil
Where does Scene 2 take place?
In Macduff’s castle at Fife
Who appears in scene 2?
Lady Macduff and her son
What does Lady Macduff complain about?
Macduff’s flight to England
What does Lady Macduff cal her husband?
A traitor
How does Lady Macduff’s son respond?
Wittily and playfully; he doesn’t believe his father is dead
What does the messenger tell Lady Macduff?
To flee with her children immeadiately
What happens before Lady Macduff can escape?
Murderers enter
Who sends the murderers to Macduff’s castle?
Macbeth
What happens to lady Macduff and her son?
They are killed
What does the slaughter of Macduff’s family symbolize?
The moral decay of Macbeths reign
What theme is emphasized in scene 2?
The innocence destroyed by tyranny
Where does scene 3 take place?
In England, at King Edward’s palace
Who meets in scene 3?
Macduff and Malcolm
Why is Macduff in England?
To convince Malcolm to return and fight Macbeth
Why is Malcolm suspicious of Macduff?
He fears Macbeth sent him
What does Malcolm pretend to be? Why does Malcolm pretend this?
More evil than Macbeth; to test Macduff’s loyalty
What qualities does Malcolm claim to lack?
Justice, temperance, truth, mercy, and courage
How does Macduff respond to Malcolm’s “confession”?
He despairs for Scotland
What does Macduff’s reaction prove?
His honesty and patriotism
WHat does Malcolm reveal after testing Macduff?
That he was lying; he is virtuous
Who confirms Malcolm’s value?
Doctor and messenger speaking of King Edward’s healing powers
What king is helping Malcolm?
King Edward the confessor
What theme is shown through King Edward’s healing?
Contrast of good vs. evil kingship
Who arrives with news from Scotland?
Ross
What does Ross first tell Macduff?
That his family is “well”
Why does Ross hesitate to tell the truth?
He fears breaking Macduff’s heart
What does Ross finally reveal?
Macbeth has killed Macduff’s wife and children
How does Macduff react to the news?
He is grief stricken
What does Malcolm urge Macduff to do?
Turn his grief into revenge
What does Macduff vow?
To confront and kill Macbeth
What does “front to front bring thou this fiend of Scotland” mean?
Macduff’s promise to face Macbeth in battle
What does scene 3 foreshadow?
Macduff killing Macbeth
What does act 4 show about Macbeths character?
Hes becoming a tyrant without conscience
What is the dominant tone of act 4?
Dark, foreboding and violent
What literary device is used in the witches apparitions?
Foreshadowing
How is dramatic irony used in act4?
Macbeth misunderstands the prophecies
What theme is reinforced by the withces’ riddles?
Fate vs fre will
What motif continues in act 4?
Blood, symbolizing guilt and murder
What is acbeths tragic flaw?
Ambition leading to moral blindness
How does act 4 develop teh theme of appearence vs reality?
The prophecies appear favorable but hide danger
What is lady Macduff a symbol of?
Innocence and domestic virtue
What is the contrast between lady Macbeth and lady Macduff?
One is ruthless; the other pure and maternal
What does Macbeths order to kill Macduff’s family show?
His paranoia
How does the murder of Macduff’s family affect the audinece?
It evokes pity and horror
What does Malcolms testing of Macduff show about him?
Hes cautious and wise
What virtue does Macduff represent?
Justice and loyalty
What is the turning point of act 4?
Macduff’s decision to fight Macbeth
What natura imagery recurs in the apparitions?
Trees, blood, and children
Why are children a recurring image in act 4?
They symbolize the future and inheritance
How does act 4 connect to the theme of kingship?
It contrasts tyrannical vs rightful rule
What does “none of woman born” really refer to?
Macduff’s unusual birth (C-section)
What does Birnam Wood symbolize?
Natures retribution against tyranny
How does Macbeths confidence change in act 4?
He becomes overconfident from misinterpreting prophecies
How does Shakespeare build tension in act 4?
Through prophecies, murder, and political plotting
WHat does the cauldron symbolize?
Unnatural creation and evil
How does Macbeths langauge change in act 4?
He speaks in command showing obsession and control
What does lady Macduff’s murder foreshadow?
Macbeths downfall
What emotion dominates scene 2?
fear and helplessness
How does scene 3 contrast with scenes 1-2?
It shifts to hope and moral clarity
What does Malcolms speech about virtues suggest?
The qualities of a trie king
What does Macduff mean by “Ò Scotland, Scotland!”?
his anguish for his country’s suffering
What type of irony occurs when Macbeth feels safe/
dramatic irony— audience knows hes doomed
How does the witches langauge differ from others?
It’s rythmic and cryptic
What theme connects all three scenes?
Corruption of power and moral consequences
Who is the real “enemy” in act 4?
Macbeth himself
What is the effect of showing Lady Macduff’s murder onstage?
It humanizes th victims of Macbeths tyranny
How does the prophecy about Banquos descendants affect Macbeth?
it torments him with insecurity
What literary device is in “none of woman born”?
paradox
What theme do the apparitions represent?
The deceptive nature of evil
What does the image of blood in act 4 stand for?
Guilt and moral corruption
What contrast does Shakespeare crest between Macbeth and Macduff?
Tyrant vs patriot
What is the significance of the “line of kings”?
It fulfills the witches original prophecy
What emotion motivates Macbeths later murders?
Fear, not ambition
What do the witches represent in the plays moral structure?
The embodiment of temptation and disorder