bio 300 lab 7 quiz

What are fungi cell walls made of

chitin

fungi are considered absorbptive __________

heterotrophs

what does absorptive heterotrph mean?

Excrete digestive enzymes, absorbs digestive food

What are the 3 modes of nutrition and what do each mean

Saprobes – feeds on nonliving decaying organic

matter

• Parasites – gets nutrients from a host

• Mutualists – both individuals benefit (lichens)

are fungi multi or single celled

can be both

how does unicellular fungi reproduce

budding

what are multicellular fungi bodies made up of

hyphae (bodies composed of cellular strands (filaments))

hyphae can form an interwoven mass it is called a ________

mycelium

what is it called when mycelium is organized v. unorganized

mushrooms, mold

which hyphae is septate and which is coenytic?

a) septate

b) coenytic

what is the diff between septate and coenytic hyphae

Septate have septum dividing the cells: slower:

Coenocytic do not have septum: faster

what are the 5 groups of fungi?

Chytridiomycota (pronounced "my" -

"kota")

2. Zygomycota – breadmolds

3. Glomeromycota

4. Asomycota

5. Basidiomycota – club fungi or mushrooms

Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycota is the only group with what and what

flagellated cells (sex cells)

true alternation of generation

Chytridiomycota: what environment do Chytridiomycota have to stay in

moist

Chytridiomycota: how does asexual reproduction work

uses Zoospores found in thin-walled sporangia with diploid cells that germinate into another sporophyte (clonal

Chytridiomycota: how does sexual reproduction work?

with sporangia (thick-walled) with haploid spores. Haploid spores germinate into multicellular gametangia.

Chytridiomycota

finish later

Chytridiomycota: whcih is gametophyte and which is sporophyte

top: gametophyte (n)

bottom: sporophyte (n)

breadmold is associate with which fungi group

Zygomycota

Zygomycota: what are the p rimary characteristics of zygomycota? zygospore and sporangiosphores

• Zygospore- diploid spore from fusion of two haploid mating strains; held within zygosporangium

• Sporangiophores- stalked sporangia; elevate spores above substrate

Zygomycota: what are general characteristics of zygomycota?

• Nonmotile

• Primarily terrestrial, some aquatic

• Coenocytic (aseptic) hyphae

• Reproduction:

• Sexual-zygotic meisosis

• Asexual

Zygomycota: explain

come back to later

Glomeromycota: what is Glomeromycota also known as?

arbuscular endomycorrhizae

Glomeromycota: Mycorrhizae interact with plant roots as ___________

mutalists

Glomeromycota what is mutualism in the context of fungi?

Fungi receive photosynthates and/or protection

• Plants receive mineral nutrients, increased access to water in soil

& protection from pathogenic fungi or bacteria

what is the difference between Endomycorrhizae and Ectomycorrhizae

Endomycorrhizae– fungi that reach within plant roots

(Glomeromycota)

• Arbuscules--highly branched structures around plasma membrane

• Ectomycorrhizae— fungi envelop exterior of plant roots

(Ascomycota & Basidiomycota)

Ascomycota: What are macrofungi in Ascomycota, and what are some examples?

produce large fruiting bodies that disperse haploid spores. e.g: truffles, morels, yeast, and Penicillium.

Ascomycota: What is an ascus, and what does it contain?

A sac-like sporangium containing haploid ascospores (n), produced by meiosis followed by mitosis.

Ascomycota: What are some beneficial/ harmful Ascomycota?

Beneficial: Penicillium produces penicillin; yeast i

Harmful: plant pathogens and human/animal pathogens like Aspergillus.

Ascomycota:What are Woronin bodies, and what do they do?

Plug septal pores when hyphae are damaged, preventing cytoplasm loss

Ascomycota: What is the defining feature of sexual reproduction in Ascomycota

Produce 8 haploid ascospores inside a sac-like ascus (n)

Ascomycota: How does Saccharomyces (baker’s yeast) reproduce

Asexually by budding and sexually by ascospores (parent cells)

Ascomycota: What is dimorphism in yeasts?

Ability to exist in both yeast-forming and filamentous phases

Ascomycota: Does Penicillium reproduce asexually, and what does it do?

Reproduces asexually by conidia, formed at the tips of hyphae, produces penicillin which kills Gram-positive bacteria

Basidiomycota: What are basidia, and what do they produce

Club shaped cells that produce sexual haploid basidiospores on the outside

each holds 4 spore

Basidiomycota: What are a basidiocarp and gills?

Basidiocarp = larger fruiting body (mushroom) formed by mycelium. Gills or pores increase surface area and hold basidia.

Basidiocarp: What are the two organisms in a lichen, and what does each receive?

Fungus (mycobiont) receives photosynthates photosynthetic organism (photobiont) receives protection and liberated nutrients.

Basidiocarp:What are the three lichen growth forms?

Crustose = encrusts flat bodies

foliose = leaf-like

fruticose = highly branched.

Basidiocarp: How do lichens reproduce asexually, and where can they grow?

through soredia in inhospitable environments like polar regions, rocks, and high elevations.

Basidocarp:

left to right which is which lichen

crustose, foliose, fructose.