excersize

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Musculoskeletal

Improves muscle tone and mass, joint mobility, exercise tolerance, reduces bone loss

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Neurologic

Improves proprioception and balance, improves blood flow to brain

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Respiratory

improved rate and depth, alveolar ventilation, diaphragmatic excursion, decreased risk of infection, decreased work of breathing

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Cardiovascular

Improved CO, venous return, myocardial contraction, peripheral circulation, decreased BP, resting HR, coagulation

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Metabolic

Increased basal metabolic rate, utilization of glucose and fatty acids, tryglyceride breakdown, production of body heat, decreased body fat

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Gastrointestinal

imoroved gastric mobility and emptying, and gastric absorption

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Urinary

Increased blood supply to kidneys, improved waste excretion, reduced risk of retention and infection

Physiological Benefits of Exercise: Integumentary

improved skin tugor, reduced risk of skin breakdown

Psychological Benefits of Exercise:

improved self esteem and energy, reduced risk of depression and anxiety, assists with developmental milestones, improved work performance, better sleep quality

When implementing take these factors into account:

age and developmental changes, behavioral aspects, environmental issues, cultural and ethnic influences, family and social support

Benefits of exercise in acute care

maintains muscle strength, mass tone

improves circulation and promotes healing

reduces risk for injury and skin breakdown

Implementing exercise in acute care

encourage stretching, isometric exercises and ROM

progress to short distance walking

Nurse performs passive ROM

stop when fatigued or in pain

Benefits of exercise in rehabilitation and continuing care

improves ADL completion and functional ability

improves self concept

Implementation of exercise in rehabilitation and continuing care

promote participation in ADLs, ambulation and assistive devices, restore and maintain optimum functioning, encourage patient independence

Infants

Strengthen arms and legs with resistance, support weak neck muscles and tummy time, provide space and stimulation

Toddlers

sway back and protruding abdomen posture

Quite active without femoral exercise program

Preschool through adolescence

Muscles and bones continue to grow, awkward and uncoordinated, early foundation for excersise needed, no formal weight training until growth finished

young to middle adults

physical growth finished, normal pregnancy changes occur, maintenance of physical fitness is crucial

Older adults

adjust activity for physical limitations, increased injury risk, loss of bone mass, slower gait and smaller base of support

Assessment

Body alignment, mobility and client expectations

gait (heel to toe gait, rhythm, cadence, speed)

muscle mass and body fat measurement

fitness evaluation

Fitness Evaluation

Cardio-resp endurance tolerance, tone and strength assesment via ROM, joint flexibility, motor skill and coordination

Manifestations of activity intolerance

• Weakness

• Shortness of breath

• Altered vital signs

• Increase in pain level

• Syncope (fainting): dizziness, vertigo, decreased level of consciousness or loss of consciousness. May be gradual or sudden