Test 3 Psyc 203

What is monogamy?

Practice of having only one spouse at a time; in Canada its the norm and the law

What is polygamy?

A man having more than one spouse at a time

Where is polygamy common?

In societies where women have little or no independence, access to education, or political power

Compared to women in monogamous marriages, women in polygamous marraiges have what?

Decreased life satisfaction, lower self-esteem, higher rates of anxiety and depression

What is polyandry?

Is when a woman has more than one spouse, it is rare and typically found in the himylayan areas of south asia

What is endogamy?

Tendency for people to marrry within thier own social gorup

marrying outside of social group is changing or no?

Yes it is increasing

Stereotypes around intermarriage appear to be what?

Decreasing

Do intermarraiges carry extra burden?

Therea re no differences between interacial and same - race coiples regarding relationship quality, conflict patterns, and attachment

How does family background affect maritial success?

People whose parents are divorced, are more likely to go through divorce themselves

How does age impact maritial successs?

couples who marry younger have higher divorce rates

How does length of courtshup impact maritial success?

Longer periods of courtshup are associated with greater maritial success

How does premaritial communication impact maritial success?

How well couples communicate during their courtship is predictive of their maritial adjustment; the more one is negative (sacracsitc, insulting, unsupportive) the higher the likelihood of maritial stress and divorce; self-discolusre and beign validated in communication are associated with higher satisfaction

How does stressful life events impact maritial success?

Stressful situations surrounding marriage can cause conflict and increase distress, and ahve been associated with decreased maritial stability; stress harms marraiges over time by preventing couples from engaging in realtionship

How does personality impact maritial success?

Not a strong predictor of maritial satisfaction, but some traits have a small association with divorce- perfectionism, insecuirty; a happy dispositon is associated with martiail disatisfcation

What people look for in potentail marraige partners is ______ acorss cultures, what is this?

similiar; mutual attraction, kindness, intelligence

Cultures vary for what aspect of love?

The emaphssis of romantic love (passion, intimacy) as a prerequisiste to marriage

What is passionate love a basis from?

the 18th century notion of individualistic cultures

Arranged marriage reamisn common in what countries?

India, Japan, China, and middle eastern cultures

What are all of these high in?

Collectivism

How muc percent of world cultures have arranged marriages?

80%

Is romantic love (passion or intimacy) absent or less in arranged marriages?

Love in arragned marriages grew overtime in India, whereas love decreased for couples who married for love

What has reserach found about arragned vs love marraiges?

Higher satisfcation for arranged marriages vs. marriages by choice

When people in collectivist cultures contemplate marriage what factors do they heavily weight into?

Impact of the relationship on their families

What is the family life cycle?

An orderly sequence of developmental stages that families tend to progress through

What is the six-stage model by Carter and McGoldrick?

• between families: unattached young adult

• joining together: the newly married couple

• the family with young children

• the family with adolescent children

• launchfing children into the world

• the family in later life

What is the goal in the first stage between families: the unattached young adult?

Acceptance of parent/ offspring separation

What does this accomplish?

differentation of self in relation to family of origin

What does this develop?

Intimiate peer relationships

What does this estalbish?

Self in work

What is intimate pertner violence?

Physical, sexual, or psycholigcal/ emotional abuse of a person by their current or past partner or spouse

What is physical abuse?

Includes physically aggresive beahviours, such as kicking, biting, punching, choking, pushing, slapping, hitting witha n object, and threatening with or using a weapon

What is emotional abuse?

Includes behaviours such as humiliation, name-calling, controlling what the partner does and with whom the partner socialises, refusing to communicate, withholding money, and questioning their partner’s sanity

What is sexual abuse?

Characterized as using sexual behavour to contorl, maniupilate, or demean the person

IPV can happen in mnay forms of relationships, including what?

• Within marriage, common-law, or dating relationship

• regardless of gender and sexual orientation

• at any time during a relationship even after it has ended

• whether or not partners live together or are sexually intimate with one another

What does WHO claissfy IPV as?

major global public health concern

Why is it classified as this?

• affects millions

• result in immediate and long-lasting health, social, and economic consequences

• ipacts all gender, ages, socioeconomic, racial, educational, ethinic, religious and cultural background

• women account for majority of people who experience this form of violence and it is most often perpretrated by men; vicitmization rates are 3.5 times higher in women

• serious impacts on children who are exposed to IPV, exposure is considered a form of child maltreatment

How many women have reported what?

44% of them have reported some kind of abuse in their intimate partner relationships

When is IPV common?

Among young women between ages 15-24 years old in canada

What kind of women are there elevated risks for/

Disabilites, indigenous, visible minority, and LGBTQ+

Police report what about women who experince IPV?

They are overrepresented

Why do people not report IPV?

• fear of stigma/shame

• belief abuse is a private matter

• fear of court system intervention

• lack of trust in criminal justice system

Survivors of intimate partner violence are at high risk for what?

Depression, feelings of helplessness and humiliation, stress/induced physical illness, alcohol and drug abuse, post-trauamtic stress disorder, and suicide

Children who witness martial vvioelnce experince effects such as what?

anxiety, depression, lower self-esteem, and increased deliquency

WHat are characteristics taht increae risk of IPV?

• unemployment, alchohol and drug abuse, short temper, attidues taht condone aggression, high stress

men who witnessed abuse or were are what?

also at high risk for IPV

Partners who are abusive tend to be what?

Have unrealistic expectations, balme others for their problems, and get thier feeligs hurt easily

When was their increased deamnd for domestic violence shelters?

Increase in crisis calls recieved; some shelters extended thier service to provide virtaul assistance

What factors contirbted to rise in IPV during the pandemic?

• Social/physical isolation creates conditions for violence

• social/physical isolation creates barriers for escaping abusive sitautions

• pandenmic can be used as a contorlling mesaure

Why do people stay in abusive relationships?

• fear that cant make it financially

• homeless

• guilt and shame

• fear of violence escalating

What is date rape?

Forced and unwanted intercourse in context of dating; key factor in distinguihsing this type of abuse is consent

Why does date rape hpapen?

past acts of intiamcy are assumed as consent

HOw can they ensure dtae rape does not happen?

ensure behavoviour consensaul

Most victims are raped by who?

someone they know

The victim is never to ..

blame

What are steps one can take to prevent date rape?

• beaware of alchohol

• never leave your drink unattended

• when dating new stay in public areas

• watch out for your freinds and have them watch out for you

• clarify activley commiunicate your feelihgs and expectations regarding sexual activity to the person you are with/dating