Lesson 20 Vocabulary (copy)

Lesson 20 – Volunteers Remove Concrete from Cities [Intermediate B1+].pdf

CONCRETE

(noun) a hard building material made by mixing cement, sand, small stones, and water

SEWAGE

(noun) waste water and human waste that are carried away from houses and factories through pipes

VEGETATION

(noun) plants in general, especially plants found in a particular area

PEDESTRIAN

(noun) a person walking in the street, not travelling in a vehicle

FLOODING

(noun) a situation where a large amount of water covers an area that is usually dry

URBAN

(adjective) relating to a town or city

INSPIRE

(verb) to give someone an idea or a feeling that makes them want to do something

TRANSFORM

(verb) to change something completely, usually to improve it

ADAPT

(verb) to change your behaviour or ideas to deal successfully with a new situation

REVEAL

(verb) to show something that was hidden or secret before

FOUND

(verb) to start a new organization, company, or institution

DEPAVE

(verb) to remove a hard surface like concrete or asphalt from an area of land

CAPTURE

(verb) (in this context) to collect and store something, like rainwater or heat

OFFSET

(verb) to use one cost, payment, or situation to cancel or reduce the effect of another

PAVING

(noun) a surface made of flat stones or material like stone on the ground for people to walk on

VULNERABLE

(adjective) weak and easy to hurt, damage, or attack

ASPHALT

(noun) a black, sticky substance used for making road surfaces

RESTORE

(verb) to bring something back to its original condition or to a better condition

GENERATE

(verb) to produce or create something, like energy or an income

AID

(verb) to help someone or something

CRUCIAL

(adjective) extremely important or necessary for something to succeed

VAST

(adjective) extremely large in area, size, amount, etc.

WIDESPREAD

(adjective) existing or happening in many places or among many people

PROPOSE

(verb) to suggest a plan or idea for people to consider

SUBSEQUENTLY

(adverb) happening after something else

CREATURE

(noun) any living thing, especially an animal

CONSERVATION

(noun) the protection of the natural environment

PREDATOR

(noun) an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals

REINTRODUCE

(verb) to bring a type of animal or plant back to an area where it used to live

DEFORESTATION

(noun) the act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area

DAM

(noun) a strong wall built across a river to stop the water and make a lake

ECOSYSTEM

(noun) all the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment

LOGGING

(noun) the business of cutting down trees for wood

EXTINCT

(adjective) (of a type of animal or plant) no longer existing

AGRICULTURE

(noun) the practice or science of farming

HABITAT

(noun) the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

SPECIES

(noun) a group of animals or plants whose members are similar and can breed together

PREY

(noun) an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal

BIODIVERSITY

(noun) the variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular area

ENDANGERED

(adjective) at risk of dying out or disappearing completely

NATIVE

(adjective) living or growing naturally in a particular region, not brought in from somewhere else

WILDLIFE

(noun) animals, birds, and plants that live and grow in natural conditions

POPULATION

(noun) the total number of animals or plants of a particular type living in an area

THREATEN

(verb) to be likely to cause damage, harm, or danger to something

COEXIST

(verb) to live together peacefully in the same place at the same time

SUSTAINABLE

(adjective) causing little or no damage to the environment and able to continue for a long time

CARNIVORE

(noun) an animal that feeds mostly or entirely on the meat of other animals

HERBIVORE

(noun) an animal that feeds only on plants

SURVIVE

(verb) to continue to live or exist, especially through difficult or dangerous conditions

DISRUPT

(verb) to prevent something from continuing in its usual or normal way