Entomology Study Guide

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50 Terms

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Insect Taxonomy (Kingdom - Class)

  1. Kingdom - Animalia

  2. Phylum - Arthropoda

  3. Subphylum - Mandibulata

  4. Superclass - Hexapoda

  5. Class - Insecta


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Apteryota

Adults (like immature) without wings.

Mnemonic - A GYATT = immature adults

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Pteryota

Adults with wings

Mnemonic - PARENT = mature adults

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Exopterygota

The wings develop externally on the nymph body.

Mnemonic - Exopterygota = external

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Endopterygota

The wings develop inside of the body until adult emerges from pupa

Mnemonic - Endopterygota = enter = inside

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Metamorphosis

The changes in form that occur as an insect approaches adulthood

Mnemonic: Metamorphosis = morph = change

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Ametabolous

Without metamorphosis; young resembles the adult but smaller

Mnemonic - Ametabolous = Ambitious = SMALL but MIGHTY

<p>Without metamorphosis; young resembles the adult but smaller</p><p>Mnemonic - <strong>Am</strong>etabolous = <strong>Ambitious </strong>= <strong>SMALL but MIGHTY</strong></p>
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Hemimetabolous

Incomplete metamorphosis; egg, → nymph → adult

Mnemonic: Hemimetabolous = hemisphere = half = INCOMPLETE

<p>Incomplete metamorphosis; egg, → nymph → adult</p><p>Mnemonic: <strong>Hem</strong>imetabolous = <strong>hem</strong>isphere = half = <strong>INCOMPLETE</strong></p>
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Holometabolous

Complete metamorphosis; egg → larva → pupa → adult

Mnemonic: Holometabolous = hole = kinda sounds like WHOLE = COMPLETE

<p>Complete metamorphosis; egg → larva → pupa → adult</p><p>Mnemonic: <strong>Hol</strong>ometabolous = <strong>hole </strong>= kinda sounds like <strong>WHOLE </strong>= <strong>COMPLETE</strong></p>
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How many sections is the segmented body divided into? What are they?

3; head, thorax, abdomen

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Does the mouth include mandibles?

Yes

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How many pair(s) of legs are attached to the thorax?

3 pairs (or 6 legs)

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How many pair(s )of antennae is on the insect?

1 pair (or 2 antennas)

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What is the external skeleton called?

Exoskeleton

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How many pair(s) of wings is attached to the thorax

(Usually) 1 or 2 pairs

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<p>Label the parts (<strong>External Anatomy</strong>) </p>

Label the parts (External Anatomy)

  1. Pronotum

  2. Forewing

  3. Leg joint

  4. Head

  5. Thorax

  6. Abdomen

  7. Spiracle

  8. Abdominal segment

  9. Midleg

  10. Antenna

  11. Chewing mouthparts

  12. Foreleg

  13. Ovipositor

  14. Dorsal valve

  15. Ventral valve

  16. Hind leg


<ol><li><p>Pronotum</p></li><li><p>Forewing</p></li><li><p>Leg joint</p></li><li><p>Head</p></li><li><p>Thorax</p></li><li><p>Abdomen </p></li><li><p>Spiracle</p></li><li><p>Abdominal segment </p></li><li><p>Midleg </p></li><li><p>Antenna </p></li><li><p>Chewing mouthparts </p></li><li><p>Foreleg</p></li><li><p>Ovipositor </p></li><li><p>Dorsal valve</p></li><li><p>Ventral valve </p></li><li><p>Hind leg</p></li></ol><p></p>
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How do ametabolous insects increase their size?

By going through successive molts

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How do ametabolous insects develop their wings? What is it called?

They don’t develop wings. It is called Apterygota.

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How do hemimetabolous insects develop their wings? What is it called?

The wings develop externally on the nymph body. It is called exopterygota.

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How do holometabolous insects develop their wings? What is it called?

The wings develop inside of the body and it won’t be visible until the adult emerges from the pupa. It is called endopterygota.

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What is the life cycle for ametabolous insects?

Egg →young (looks exactly like adult, but smaller) → adult

<p>Egg →young (<em>looks exactly like adult, but smaller</em>) → adult </p>
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What is the life cycle for hemimetabolous insects?

Egg → nymph → adult

<p>Egg → nymph → adult</p>
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What is the life cycle for holometabolous insects?

knowt flashcard image
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What are the orders for ametabola & apterygota insects?

  • Protura (proturans, coneheads)

  • Dipula (diplurans)

  • Collembola (springtails)

  • Thysanura (silverfish)

Pigs Dance, Cats Talk

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What are the orders for hemimetabola & exopterygota insects?

  • Ephemeroptera (mayflies)

  • Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)

  • Blattodea (cockroaches)

  • Mantodea (mantids)

  • Isoptera (termites)

  • Grylloblattodea (ice insects)

  • Dermaptera (earwigs)

  • Plecoptera (stoneflies)

  • Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, katydids)

  • Phasmatodea (walking sticks)

  • Psocoptera (book and bark louse)

  • Mallophaga (chewing lice)

  • Anoplura (sucking lice)

  • Thysanoptera (thrips)

  • Hemiptera (true bugs)

  • Homoptera (aphids, cicadas, hoppers)


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What are the orders for holometabola & endopterygota insects?

  • Megaloptera (dobsonflies)

  • Neuroptera (dobsonflies, lacewings, antlions)

  • Coleoptera (beetles)

  • Strepsiptera (twisted-wing parasite)

  • Mecoptera (scorpionflies)

  • Siphonaptera (fleas)

  • Diptera (flies)

  • Trichoptera (caddisflies)

  • Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)

  • Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)


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<p>Label the parts (<strong>Internal Anatomy</strong>) </p>

Label the parts (Internal Anatomy)

  1. Dorsal blood vessel (heart)

  2. Lateral blood vessel

  3. Anus

  4. PENIS

  5. Rectum

  6. Testis

  7. Midgut

  8. Crop

  9. Nerve center in ventral

  10. Salivary glands

  11. Antenna

  12. Brain

  13. Exoskeleton

  14. Wings

  15. Malpighian tubules (excretory organs)


<ol><li><p>Dorsal blood vessel (heart) </p></li><li><p>Lateral blood vessel </p></li><li><p>Anus</p></li><li><p>PENIS</p></li><li><p>Rectum</p></li><li><p>Testis </p></li><li><p>Midgut</p></li><li><p>Crop </p></li><li><p>Nerve center in ventral </p></li><li><p>Salivary glands</p></li><li><p>Antenna</p></li><li><p>Brain</p></li><li><p>Exoskeleton</p></li><li><p>Wings</p></li><li><p>Malpighian tubules (excretory organs)</p></li></ol><p></p>
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<p>Label the mouth parts</p>

Label the mouth parts

  1. Clypeus

  2. Labrum

  3. Mandible

  4. Maxilla

  5. Labium


<ol><li><p>Clypeus</p></li><li><p>Labrum</p></li><li><p>Mandible</p></li><li><p>Maxilla</p></li><li><p>Labium</p></li></ol><p></p>
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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for </p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Grasshopper; chewing

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for </p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Maggot; sucking/mouth hooks

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Bee; chewing/lapping

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Biting fly; piercing/sponging

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Thrips; rasping/sucking

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Moth; siphoning (mouthparts act like straws to suck out fluids)

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Mosquito; piercing/sucking

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Beetle; chewing

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Cicada; piercing/sucking

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

House fly; sponging

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Flea; piercing/sucking

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<p>Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for</p>

Identify this insect + what its mouthparts are specialized for

Dragonfly; chewing/raptorial

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What do beneficial insects do?

  • Pollination of many flowering plants

  • Decomposition of organic materials

  • Recycling of carbon, nitrogen, and other essential nutrients

  • Control of populations of harmful invertebrates including other insects

  • Direct production of foods (such as honey)

  • Manufacture of products (such as silk)


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What do insect pests do?

  • Damage crops

  • Household pests

  • Parasites

  • Biting + stinging insects

  • Prey on domestic animals

  • Eat human food, clothing, possessions

  • Destroy trees, wood, paper

P.S: There are 10k species

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What diseases do mosquitoes transfer/related to?

  • Malaria

  • Arboviral encephalitides

  • dengue fever

  • Rift Valley fever

  • West Nile encephalitis viral infection


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What diseases do ticks transfer/related to?

  • Lyme disease

  • Rocky mountain spotted fever

  • Tick typhus


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What diseases do fleas transfer/related to?

  • Plague


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What diseases do lice transfer/related to?

  • Lice infestation


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<p>Identify this insect + order</p>

Identify this insect + order

Springtails (Collembola)

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<p>Identify this insect + order</p>

Identify this insect + order

Silverfish (Thysanura)

Characteristics:

  • body flattened

  • long cerci and median filament

  • compound eyes separate



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<p>Identify this insect + order</p>

Identify this insect + order

Mayfly (Ephemeroptera)

Derived characteristics:

  • Fore legs of male elongated, used to grasp females in flight.

  • mouthparts of adults reduced, unsclerotised.

  • hind wings reduced, smaller than fore wings.


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Thanks for studying ! Please practice making + using dichotomous keys as I believe that is apart of this unit :,(

P.S: Please use this website to learn the appearance of insects + FACTS!!! VERY IMPORTANT!! https://sib.illinois.edu/entomology/illustrations