psych: chapter 11

personality

someones unique + consistent ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving

personality theory

theory that tries to compare and contrast the different ways people think, feel, and behave

psychoanalytic perspective

focuses on unconscious processes + the effect of early childhood experiences

humanistic perspective

focuses on a persons inner self + them fulfilling their individual potential

social cognitive perspective

focyses on learning + conscious processes, goals, the self, and self regulation

trait perspective

focuses on the differences in personality in different people

psychoanalysis

feuds theory that focuses on sexual + aggressive instincts early childhood experience to explain personality

what was frueds book called

interpretation of dreams

free association

psychoanalytic method, a patient suddenly has thoughts, feelings, and mental images which show unconscious thoughts

what are the three levels of awareness according to freud

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

what is the conscious

thoughts and feelings that you know that you’re feeling

what is the preconscious

info you’re not currently thinking about, but you know (recent memories, your street address)

what is the unconscious

thoughts, feelings, and wishes that you aren’t aware of

what are the three components of freud’s structure of personality

id, ego, superego

id

unconscious, irrational part of personality that wants immediate gratification for urges and drives

ego

partly conscious + rational part of personality, regulates thoughts + behaviour, most in touch with the real world

super ego

partly conscious self evaluative moral part of personality. shaped by parents and society

what leads the id

the pleasure principal

what is the pleasure prinicpal

fundamental human motive to get pleasure and avoid tension

example of pleasure principal

a newborn being driven by its need for food, it will cry for milk even if mom is busy

what is the mediator between instict and reality

ego

what is the judgement of your psyche

superego

what is the ego ruled by

the reality principle

what is the reality principle

being able to wait for something good until the situation presents itself

example of the reality principle

a child waits for a swing on the playground

when does anxiety happen

when the demands of the ID almost overwhelm the ego

defense mechanisms

mostly unconscious distortions of thoughts/assumptions to reduce anxiety

repression

unconsciously blocking out things that make you anxious

examples of things that may be repressed

• traumatic events

• embarrassing events

• pain or illness

• embarrassing or shameful urges

• disappointments

is repression all or nothing

no. it often comes back in bits and pieces, especially when presented with something that reminds you of it, like a similar situation

displacement

defense strategy. unconscious. shifts emotions from source to something less threatening

example of displacement

an employee taking out frustrations about their manager onto their family

sublimation

creative/productive things you do to rechannel sexual energy

an example of sublimation

a gard student hustling at work while her wife is away

rationalization

justifying your feelings with a bogus explanation instead of consciously admitting your desires

psychosexual stages

afe related parts of development ids sexual energies and how they manifest

oedipus complex

freuds theory, a childs unconscious sexual desires for the parent of the opposite sex. hostile feelings for same sex parent

indentification

defense mechanism that reduces anxiety by imitating

what are the five psychosexual stages

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

what is the oral stage

• birth to one year old

• pleasure + comfort through sucking, feeding, putting things in mouth

• if this isn’t resolved nail biting, smoking, and overeating might occur later in life

what is the anal stage

• 1-3 years old

• toilet training

• strict or lenient will demonstrate personality later in life

what is the phallic stage

• 3-6 years

• Oedipus complex + penis envy

• genitals + awareness of sex differences

latency stage

• 6 to puberty

• sexuality is dormant as kids are coming of age and focused on social

genital stage

• puberty and onward

• mature sexuality and relationships

who believed in the collective unconscious

carl jung

collective unconscious

unconscious things inherited from ancestors

archetypes (definition + who believed in this)

• mental images of universal human experience

• Carl jung

what term did Karen horney term

womb envy

what did katen horney stress

• social relationships

alfred Adler believed

the most fundamental human motive was wanting superiority

actualizing tendency (+ who believed this)

• drive to maintain and improve humanity, Carl rogers

conditional positive regard (+who believed this)

the child is only loved whent hey’re behaving good (conditional love) carl rogers

unconditonal positive regard

the child will be loved regardless of their behaviour (unconditional love) Carl rogers

what did Carl Rogers believe about parenting

you shouldn’t be overly lenient, but make sure you unconditionally love your child and don’t destroy their sense of self

what theory did Albert bandura believe

social cognitive

social cognitive theory + who believed in it

theory of personality that stressed the importance of conscious cognitive processes, and self efficacy belifs

reciprocal determinism

explains human functioning and personality

self efficacy

self confidence about goals

trait perspective on personality

describing individual differences

trait

stable predisposition to act a certain way

trait theory

personality theory that identifies, measures, and describes differences in behaviour

surface traits

observable traits

source traits

broad and basic traits, universal and few in number

what did raymond catell

believed personality could be described in 16 traits, each factor having a range of 2 extremes

what did hans Eysenck believe

there are three dimensions of personality

what are the three dimensions of personality

1. introvesion/extroversion

2. neuroticism/emotional stability

3. psychoticism

who believed that difference sinpersonaltiy were the results of individual biological differences

hans Eysenck

what does the five factor model show

the building blocks of personality

why is the hexaco model better than the five factor model

• better at predicting psychological well-being

• understands the dark triad

behavioural genetics

effect of genes on behaviour

psych test

asses things based on a behaviour sample

two goals of a psych test

1. accurately and consistently shows someones characterisitcs

2. 2. predicts someones future functioning or behaviour

projective test

a person interpreting a vague image

rorschach inkblot test

projective test with inkblots by harmann rorschach

thematic apperception test

projection test where people create stories from scenes by Henry murray

self report invetories

psych test with answering questions

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

test that assessed both normal and disturbed

california psych inventory

assesses normal