Religion Midterm

Van Hooft defines hope as

an internal subjective psychological state

Van Hooft argues that the relationship between hope and concern is that

Hope requires that the consequences of the desired outcome have significance for me, hope requires some measure of anxiety accompanying the desire

one can only hope for something that hasn’t yet

true

an event is “contingent” if

it is possible for it to either happen or not happen

hope requires that the desired outcome be considered

possible

hope requires uncertainty

true

if John snooped in his mom’s closet and saw that his mom got an iphone for Christmas

He can still wish that she didn’t get him an iphone

Wishes and hopes have the following in common

they are both desire oriented

Van Hooft argues that the seriousness of the desired event sharply distinguishes between wishes and hopes

false

Van Hooft argues that the relationship between hope and anxiety is that

They move together. The more anxiety you have an outcome, the more likely you are to hope

Van Hooft argues that hope

inspires appropriate action

when we hope, we recognize

we have limited control over the situation

How does Van Hooft characterize or define hope on the first page of the reading?

a psychological state that we experience as part of our inner, subjective lives

Hope must be directed towards an event in the future

true

in a short word or phrase for each, list the 7 components of hope as identified by Van Hooft

according to Van Hooft, hope requires an event to take place in the future ______. The event may be unlikely, but it must still be ______, otherwise it would make no sense to hope for it. If an event or outcome is completely within my _______ then it would also make no sense to hope for it because then there would be no room for ______, which is what makes hope necessary.

future, possible, control, uncertainty

relevant desire

something one considers good about a hope for outcome

concern

something that one is interested in or anxious about when thinking about a hoped for event or desired outcome

contingent event

possible for the event to happen or not happen

Van Hooft argues that hope arise from ______, while wishes arise from ______ and ______.

concerns, desires, fantasies

van Hooft distinguishes between hope and wishes by arguing that

wishing is passive and hoping is active

what relationship does Van Hooft indentify between hope and action

hope helps motivate us to take action towards the desired outcome

Martin Heideggar wrote Being and time in

1927

Heideggar claims that the defining feature of being _____ is that _______ is ______ for us.

human, being, at stake

Dasein

Heidegger’s term for human being. Literally, “being-there”

Throwness

The human situation of always already finding oneself in the middle of a situation. Always being ahead of oneself in someway

being towards death

The human condition that one’s life is defined by its finitude and that the reality of one’s own death makes the choices made during life matter

concern

the fundamental way in which humans approach the world which connects us to people and projects and our own indentities

facticity

the facts of a person’s existence. Their actual or concrete situation or circumstances

tillich wrote the article. “The lost Dimension in Religion” in what year?

1958

according to Tillich, what does it mean to be religious in the deepest sense?

to be passionately concerned with the meaning of one’s existence

which of the following best describes Tillich’s idea of “ultimate concern”?

being grasped by a concern that addresses the ultimate meaning of one’s existence

bleeding woman (hoped for)

healing and restoration

hannah (hoped for)

a son

abraham (hoped for)

land and children

simeon (hoped for)

the messiah

in the case studies we reviewed, _____ led to ______. This ______ took on _______ forms but in each case moved the person ______ their desired outcome.

hope, action, action, different, closer to

hannah (action for)

praying

simeon (action for)

waiting

bleeding woman (action for)

reaching out to touch the supposed source of power

abraham (action for)

leaving home

the form of prayer that Van Hooft says is similar to hope is

supplication

Van Hooft argues that to pray is to exercise some form of control over your situation

true

Van Hooft characterizes a prayer as a ______ form of hope. He argues that someone who prays believes in the ______ between the wills of _____ and _______.

religious, alignment, gods, mortals

Van Hooft specifies that hopes are desired upon ______ while prayers are directed towards a _______ that can ______.

outcomes, being, provide outcomes

“Hope consists in asserting that there is at the heart of being, beyond all data, beyond all inventories and all calculations, a mysterious principle which is in connivance with me”

Marcel

van Hooft argues that prayer and hope are similar in structure because they both

contain a sense of appeal (plea), express a feeling of relative powerlessness

Psalm 86 demonstrates that there is a relationship between David and the God he prays to

true

“Here hope appears to be bound up with the use of method of surmounting, by which thought rises above the imaginings and formulations upon which it had first been tempted to depend”

hope opens a person up to new ways of evaluating themselves when things do not turn out the way they initially desired

in the beginning of the passage, marcel claims that there is a secret connection between

hope and liberty

“…. I give a part of myself over to anguish: indeed I own implicitly that if my expectations are not fulfilled in some particular point, I shall have no possibility of escaping from the despair into which I must inevitably sink.”

This quote outlines marcel’s understanding of

conditional hope

“We can, on the other hand, conceive, at least theoretically, of the inner disposition of one who, setting no condition or limit and abandoning himself in absolute confidence, would thus transcend all possible disappointment and would experience a security of his being, or in his being, which is contrary to the radical insecurity of Having.”

In the above quote, when Marcel contrasts Being and Having he is contrasting

someone who is defined by ultimate concerns vs. someone who is defined by proximate concerns

Marcel identifies absolute hope as a response to an infinite being who has created me out of nothing and upon whom I depend completely for my existence

true

Marcel defines despair as being

a declaration that god has abandoned me

treason

tied to conditional hope

sometimes confused with absolute hope

a letting go of the bond that unties me to my desired outcome

“But then must it not be agreed that the absolute hope to which we are invited tends to become identified with despair itself- with a despair however which it is no longer even permitted for us to indulge in, which is perhaps no more than an infinite apathy?”

In this quote, Marcel is arguing that

if in unconditional hope we are ready to lose everything that matters to us, then it may seem like we are not actually invested in the future of our concerns and it seems like we are actually giving up on them

“Treason from above” is a phrase Marcel uses to describe which critique of unconditional hope

being too secure in metaphysical realities is a way to escape the responsibilities of human life

Marcel uses the example of the patriot to demonstrate

liberation requires unconditional hope- even when it seems unwarranted by practical conditions

the structure of hope

hope makes liberation possible

that in hope, one prepares the way for the hoped event and in despair one makes that event less likely

unconditional hope is actually a way of being fully engaged in human concerns

Marcel argues that the person who hopes is like

an inventor

"I open my soul when I hope—a prophetic consciousness, as we have said, but vague and in danger of becoming obliterated to the extent that it seeks to pass itself off as second sight . . . The more we allow ourselves to be the servants of Having, the more we shall let ourselves fall a prey to the gnawing anxiety which Having involves, the more we shall tend to lose not only the aptitude for hope, but even I should say the very belief, indistinct as it may be, of its possible reality. In this sense it is no doubt true that, strictly speaking, only those beings who are entirely free from the shackles of ownership in all its forms are able to know the divine light-heartedness of life in hope."

Here Marcel argues

being too invested in receiving positive outcomes for proximate concerns robs us of the ability to hope in more significant ways

unconditional hope requires becoming conscious of a reality that I have to admit I can’t see

absolute certainty is incompatible with absolute hope

according to Marcel, which of the following illustrations does NOT illustrate the structure of hope

a prophet

Put these elements in order in which Marcel says that hope degrades or slips from a positive to a negative state

1. to hope

2. to expect from

3. to have due to me

4. to count on

5. to demand

in Marcel’s example of a mother hoping her son will come back to life, Marcel argues

hope is about relationships not outcomes

hope is not something that can be assessed by objective facts, but rather operates on subjective concerns

at its core, hope is not about the probability of the desired outcome

…. hope is the essentially the _____ of a _____ which has entered intimately enough into the experience of ______ to accomplish in the teeth of will and knowledge the _____ act- the act of establishing the vital ____ of which this experience affords both the pledge and the first fruits

availability, soul, communion, transcendent, regeneration

what is the relationship Moltmann identifies between experience and hope in Christian eschatology

they contradict each other

According to Moltmann, Christian hope promises things that contradict our present reality. Match the present experience with the hope that is promised instead

death :

dissention:

sin:

decay:

suffering:

misery:

hunger and thirst:

life, peace, righteousness, resurrection, glory, blessedness, abundance

"In the contradiction between the word of promise and the reality of suffering and death, faith takes its stand on hope and 'hastens beyond this world'"....

In this passage, Moltmann quotes Calvin to argue that

faith aims to transcend current suffering by aiming at the future

Moltmann argues that Christian hope in a future that transcends sufferung and death is based on

the historical resurrection of Jesus

Moltmann argues that, “hope becomes a passion for what ______, because it can be a passion for what ______ possible” by Christ’s resurrection

is possible, has been made

______ is nothing else than the expectation of the things in which _____ has believed to have been truly promised by God. Thus, ____ believes God to be true, ____ awaits the time when this truth shall be manifested…____ nourishes and sustains ____

hope, faith, faith, hope, hope, faith

Faith "puts in place of the beyond that lies above our grave in heaven the beyond that lies above our grave on earth, the historic future, the future of mankind."

Moltmann uses this quote from Feurebach to argue what?

correctly applied, faith helps humans focus on the future they can accomplish on earth rather than the future that awaits them in heaven

Moltmann describes hope in Christ as a protest

true

The main point of Moltmann’s argument a can be summarized as

Christ’s resurrection was a historical event in which death and suffering were overcome on earth. Therefore, Christian hope should motivate believers to work toward a future in which death and suffering are overcome on earth not just in heaven

For if the dead are not _____, then _____ has not been ____ either. And if ____ has not been raised, your faith is _____

raised, Christ, raised, Christ, futile

"If only for this life we have hope in Christ, we are of all people most to be pitied."

In this verse, Paul claims that

if the resurrection is only a story that provides emotional comfort, then Christians are the worst kind of chumps for believing it

Paul argues that if there is no resurrection, then his life motto would be

let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die