chapter 4 combined

diaphysis

long shaft

epiphysis

expanded ends

medullary cavity

cavity in diaphysis

yellow bone marrow

in medullary cavity; mostly fat

canal

an open tube surrounded by bony material

condyle

part that protrudes at the end of a bone

fissure

long, narrow opening between bones

foramen

a hole in bone

fossa

shallow depression on a bone surface

meatus

opening in a bony structure

process

a bump on the surface of bone

ramus

a vertical branch on bone

sinus

hollow cavity within a bone

sulcus

a groove on the bone surface

suture

a tight joint between flat bones

endosteum

membrane that lines the inner surfaces of bone

lacuna

chamber that houses a bone cell

lamellae

layers of bone tissue

lamellar (compact) bone

bone tissue that contains tight layers of bone matrix

osteoblasts

bone cell that secretes bone material

osteoclasts

bone cell that breaks down bone material

osteocytes

mature bone cell

osteoid

organic bone material (matrix)

osteon

a cylindrical unit of lamellar bone

periosteum

thin fiberous tissue that covers bone

trabeculae

thin bony plates that seperate spaces within trabecular (spongey) bone

trabecular (spongey) bone

bone tissue that is very porous and contains red bone marrow

arthr / artic

joint

-blast

cells that form

brachi

arm

carp

wrist

chondro

cartilage

clast

cells that break

condyl

bony prominence

cost

ribs

crani

skull

foramen

hole

malacia

softening

myelo

bone marrow

physis

growth

spondyl / vertebr

vertebra, spine

trophy

development

acromion

superior portion of the scapula (shoulder)

calcaneus / calcaneal

heel bone; pertaining to the heel

carpal

wrist

clavicle / clavicular

collarbone; pertaining to the clavicle

femur / femoral

thigh bone; pertaining to the thigh

fibula

lateral lower leg bone

humerus

upper arm bone

ilio-

upper part of the hip bone (ilium)

ischi-

lower and posterior portion of the hip bone

olecranon

bony process of the elbow

patella / patellar

kneecap; pertaining to the knee

pelvis / pelvic

hip bone; pertaining to the hip

phalange(s)

bones of the fingers or toes

pubic / pubis

anterior part of the hip bone

radius / radial

forearm bone on the thumb side; pertaining to the radius

scapula

shoulder blade

tarsal

ankle

tibia(l)

shin bone; pertaining to the shin

ulna / ulnar

forearm bone on the pinky side; pertaining to the ulna

amphiarthrosis

slightly moveable joint

articulation

joint formed where two or more bones meet

bursa(e)

fluid filled sacs that are associated with some joints

condyloid

shaped like a condyle

diarthrosis

feely moveable joint

fontanelle

membrane that covers a bone opening

hematopoiesis

production of blood cells which happens in the red bone marrow

ligament

tough connective tissue that connects bone to bone

meniscus

pad of cartilage between bones

rheumatology

study of medicine involving treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and diseases

synarthrosis

immovable joint

synovial

referring to a type of joint or membrane that contains a thick fluid called synovial fluid

ankylosis

immobility or stiffening of a joint

arthritis

disease involving inflammation of the joints

arthroscopy

surgical procedure used to treat joint problems

bursitis

inflammation of the bursa

fracture

break in bone

kyphosis

outward curvature of the spine

lordosis

inward curvature of the spine

osteomalacia

disorder that results in bone softening

osteomyelitis

bone or bone marrow inflammation

osteoporosis

bone disease resulting in bone weakness

scoliosis

curvature of the spine

spondylosis

degeneration of the disks between the vertebrae

acoustic

ear

cevical

neck

coccyx / coccygeal

tailbone; pertaining to the coccyx

costal

ribs

lumbar

lower back

lacrimal

tear

mandible / mandibular

lower jaw; pertaining to the lower jaw

maxilla(ry)

upper jaw

meatus

opening

nasal

nose

oculo / opthalm

eye

sacral

related to the sacrum, the last fused bones of the lower vertebrae

sinus

cavity or space

sternum / sternal

breastbone; pertaining to the sternum

thoracic

chest