HGD - changes in gray matter and white matter

GM changes of cortical mantle results in

Deficits in memory, attention, perceptual awareness,, thought, language, and consciousness

GM changes of prefrontal cortex results in

Disrupted learning, memory, problem solving, and planning

GM changes of orbitofrontal cortex results in

Decreased taste and smell, reward value of taste and smell; impaired learning and reversal of stimulus reinforcement associations

GM changes of parietal cortex resutls in

Poorer body scheme, attention and perception

GM changes of hippocampus results in

Declining memory, especially for recent memory

GM changes of thalamus results in

Impaired sensory perception and regulation of motor function

GM changes of basal ganglia results in

Disrupted motor planning, limb movement, and skill acquisition

GM changes of cerebellum results in

Poorer coordination and movement timing

WM changes in sloughing/loss of myelin results in

Slowed nerve conduction

WM changes in axonal loss resutls in

Fewer muscle fibers; Loss of fine sensation

WM changes in ANS dysfunction resuls in

Slower systemic function (e.g., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal) with altered sensory input

WM changes in loss of sensory neurons results in

reduced ability to discern hot, cold, pain

WM changes in slowed response time (speed of reaction) resulrs in

increased fall risks