Ch2,4 - Biochemistry Vocabulary

Acid

pH 6 or less

Activation Energy

Amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started

Adhesion

Attraction of different type of molecules

Affect Enzyme Activity

Temperature, pH, amount of substrate, amount of enzyme

Amino Acid

Building block of proteins

Base

pH 8 or more

Carbohydrate

Many sugar molecules, forming starch

Catalyst

Speeds up chemical reactions

Cohesion

Attraction of same type of molecules

Common Element in Living Things

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Covalent Bond

Sharing of electrons by two atoms

Disaccharide

Two sugar molecules

DNA

Polymer found in the nucleus of the cell, made from many nucleotides

Electron

Spinning around an atom, negative charge

Element

Found on the periodic table

Enzyme

Specialized protein that aids in metabolism

Enzyme Inhibitor

Prevents a enzyme substrate complex from forming

Inorganic Molecule

less than two or no carbon atoms in a molecule

Ion

The loss or gain of an electron in an atom

Ionic Bond

When one atom gives or takes electrons from another atom

Lipid

Large Macromolecule made of glycerin and 3 fatty acids

Lock and Key

One enzyme will fit with only one substrate

Monosaccharide

Single sugar molecule

Water

pH neutral

Neutron

Found in the nucleus of an atom, neutral charge

Nucleotide

Monomer of DNA, containing A,T,G, or C

Organic Molecule

2 or more carbons in a molecule

pH Scale

Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration from 1-14

Polar Molecule

One side of molecule is more positive or negatively charged

Polymer

Term used for any large molecule formed from monomers

Polypeptide

Many amino acids connected, forming a protein chain

Polysaccharide

Large polymer made from many monosaccharide

Protein

Large polymer or polypeptide made from amino acids

Proton

Found in the nucleus of an atom, positive charge

Substrate

Molecule that the enzyme will react with