Textile Science Exam 1

Fibers make…

yarns

fabrics

__ are made from yarn

Fibers

Any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length-to-width ratio and suitable characteristics for being processed into a fabric. Fiber characteristics to fabric performance

4 major natural fibers

cotton, wool, silk, flax

cotton comes from

cotton boll

stem of flax plant

flax comes from…

the cocoon of a silkworm

silk comes from __

wool

coat of certain animals (mainly sheep)

polymerization

process of joining small molecules together to form a long chain

By-component

Two polymers that are physically different, chemically different, or both. One side of a fiber looks one way, and another fiber looks the other.

Spinning

The process of producing manufactured or synthetic fibers

Meld

Less expensive way of spinning

1st step of fiber spinning…

Prepare a dope (syrup solution)

2nd step of fiber spinning…

Extrude the dope through the spinneret

3rd step of fiber spinning…

Solidify the fiber regulation, evaporation, or cooling

Carl Ziegler and Notta won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 for…

synthesizing Olefin

nylon

First synthetic fiber

plastic bottles

often make recycled polyester

Aramid

Used in bullet-resistant vests are fire-resistant uniforms

What is Nylon most used for?

Carpets because of its compresion resiliency. Your foot doesn’t sink into the carpet

the federal trade commision

Who assigns the generic names?

Hemp

What was the Declaration of Independence made from?

Wicking ability

The ability for a fiber to transfer moisture

Tenacity

The ability for a fiber to withstand a pulling force

What color is spider silk?

Bright yellow

long chains of polymer

What are all tactile fibers, natural or manufactured, made of?

Cotton production rank

1) Georgia

2) Texas

3) Arkansas

Pilling

The formation of fiber balls on clothes

Uplin

What is the most cotton produced in the United States?

Mercerized

Most cotton is treated with sodium hydroxide and ammonium

Bicuna

The finest, softest, rarest, and most expensive of all the specialty wools

Lambs wool

The first shearing of an animal 7-9 months old

fibers

Good dimensional stability and does not shrink or stretch during laundry is what a good __ has

Yarn

fibers twisted together

Textiles

applies to fibers, yarns, or fabrics, or products made from fibers, yarns, or fabrics

fabric

yarn woven or twisted together

staple fibers

Short fibers measured in inches or centimeters

organic cotton

Cotton is produced following state fiber-certification standards on land where organic farming practices have been used for at least three years

Elongation

Ability of a fiber to be stretched

Resiliency

The ability of a fiber to spring back to its natural position after folding or creasing

Staple

short, fuzzy, and irregular fibers

the ability of products to meet needs

The serviceability of a textile product is…

Product development

The design of a product so that it has the desired serviceability characteristics, appeals to the target market, can be made in an acceptable time frame for a reasonable cost, and can be sold at a profit

3 characteristics of a fiber

1) Molecular arrangement

2) Chemical composition

3) Physical structure

silk

__ is the only natural fiber that comes in filament form

dupoini

When two silkworms spin their cocoons together, it produces __ silk

regenerated cellulosis

rayon and acetate are __ fibers

cotton

Which of the fibers is stronger when wet?

60

Individuals use over __ pounds a year of textile fibers

centimeters or inches

stable fibers are measured in…

yards or meters

filament fibers are measured in __

Luster

the way light is reflected on a fabrics surface

hydrophilic fiber

absorbs water or moisture

hydrophobic fibers

repels water

carded

a process where fibers are passed through rollers covered with wire bristles to help straighten them

sides, shoulders, and back

highest quality wool comes from…

marino

the finest wool comes from the __ breed of sheep

hydrosopic

Wool fibers are __, meaning they absorb moisture without feeling wet

mulberry leaves

silkworms are fed __

Rayon

the first manufactured fiber was __ and was originally referred to “artificial silk”

nylon

Because if does not absorb well, __ often produces static electricity

acrylic

what was originally developed as a substitute for wool?

Spinneret

Manufactured and synthetic fibers are produced from solutions forced through a __, which resembles a shower head