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Simple
One subject, one verb
Child-like quality; highlights certain things as important against a background of other things (when used after a string of longer sentences)
Compound
More than one subject and/or verb
balance; makes two ideas equal in importance
Complex
2+ independent and 1+ dependent
orders ideas into main and subordinate ideas: the main or most important idea is the independent (main) clause while the subordinate idea is the dependent (subordinate) clause
independent is more important; why?
Compound complex
One independent and 1+ clauses
can use the periodic portion plateaus and the loose construction to unwind afterwards. At other times, this sentence will pitch its emphasis in the direction of one clause or another
Loose
Details after the subject and the verb.
Effect: The reader knows the main action from the beginning; all the modifiers (description) serve to elaborate, also allowing the writer to mass attributes/ideas that seem to “sprout” from the main clause.
Periodic (climactic)
details before the subject and verb
Builds up to a climax with meaning unfolding slowly