Communication

general language development in children (0-4 months)

cooing, vegetative sounds

general language development in children (4-8/10 months)

babbling

general language development in children (12 months)

one word

general language development in children (18-24 months)

word combinations

general language development in children (after 24 months)

phrases, sentences

average vocabulary for adults

50,000 words

define imitation

copying words, facial expressions, or actions of another person

define imitating behavior

new behavior emitted following a novel event

difference between imitation and learned behavior

imitation is immediate, learned behavior is delayed response

define receptive language

language comprehension, hearing, understanding

define expressive language

language production, verbal or nonverbal language

define pragmatics

use of language

define phonology

organization and production of specific sounds, speech, speech sound production

hearing and understanding at birth to 3 months

startles to sounds, quiets or smiles when spoken to, recognize voices, control sucking behavior in response to sound

talking at birth to 3 months

cooing sounds, different cries for different needs, smiles at people

hearing and understanding at 4-6 months

eyes move in direction of sound, respond to changes in tone, notices toys that make sounds, pays attention to music

talking at 4-6 months

cooing, babbling when playing, giggling and laughing, sounds when happy or upset

hearing and understanding at 6-12 months

plays games like peek-a-boo, turns to look at direction of sound, looks at point direction, recognize words of familiar objects and people, responds to name, responds to simple words and phrases, listens to songs and stories for short time

talking at 6-12 months

longer babbling, points to objects, gestures like waving, one or two words, imitates different speech sounds

hearing and understanding at 12-24 months

points to body parts, follows one-part directions, understands simple questions, listens to stories and songs for longer time, points to pictures in books

talking at 12-24 months

expanded vocabulary, names pictures in books, asks more questions, combines tow words to communicate more efficiently

define joint attention

process by which one engages in non-verbal shared activity such as gazing and pointing

goals of imitation therapy

• increase frequency of vocalization

• increase repertoire of speech sounds and words

• child awareness of power of verbal output

results of imitation therapy

more significant progression when parents are more involved and participatory