African American History Exam 2

The New York “conspiracy” trials of 1741

suspicious fires broke out across New York City, over 150 Black New Yorkers were arrested, 30 were executed, dozens were exiled from the colony.

Rhode Island shortage of soldiers

Allowed free and enslaved Black men to enlist in the Patriot army to make up for the shortage.

Phillis Wheatley

Enslaved as a child, learned to read and write, first African American to publish a book of poetry in 1773. Work engaged with faith freedom and forced journey from Africa.

British General Henry Clinton's Philipsburg Proclamation (1779

Offered full protection, freedom, and security to any enslaved person who deserted a Patriot master

Pennsylvania's Gradual Abolition Act of 1780

first legislative enactment to abolish slavery in a democratic society in the US

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

established the government for the Northwest Territory—lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River

The Haitian Revolution

a 12-year slave insurrection in the French colony of Saint-Domingue that ended slavery, defeated European powers, and established Haiti as the world's first independent Black republic

Philadelphia's 1793 yellow fever epidemic

lasted from August 1 to November 9, 1793, killing roughly 5,000 people, forcing over 20,000 residents—including President George Washington and the federal government—to flee.

The American Colonization Society (founded 1816)

an organization to send freeborn African Americans and emancipated slaves to West Africa

1811 German Coast Uprising

the largest slave revolt in history, took place in the Territory of Orleans (present-day Louisiana) along the Mississippi River

"abroad marriage"

directly affected a woman's citizenship status

invisible institution

enslaved people held their own worship services, blending Christianity into something their own

paternalism

portrayed the master-slave relationship as a benevolent, father-child dynamic.

“hiring out”

slaveowners will hired out slaves for different services while gaining the income

Maroon communities

independent settlements founded by self-liberated Africans who escaped slavery

Prince Hall

American abolitionist, civil rights leader, and the founder of Prince Hall Freemasonry, the oldest and largest African American Masonic organization.

Lemuel Haynes

was the first black man in the United States to be ordained as a minister

Jupiter Hummon

the first published African American poet

Salem Poor

an African American soldier during the Battle of Bunker Hill in the American Revolutionary War.