AP Bio unit 2

The movement of a solute against the concentration gradient is…

Active transport

A difference in concentration from one area to another is called a…

Concentration gradient

Which transport of solutes requires energy?

Active transport

ATP donating the third phosphate group to a transport protein, ever so slightly changing its shape to better move a substance is called…

Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation is also called a…

Conformational change

Which type of active transport is also simply referred to as just ‘active transport’?

Protein pumps

The type of active transport that maintains membrane potential is called…

Protein pumps

The unequal concentration of ions across the membrane, resulting in an electrical charge, is called…

Membrane potential

Membrane potential is also referred to as…

Electrochemical gradient

The cytoplasm is slightly _ compared to extracellular fluid.

Negative

What is stored in electrochemical gradients?

Energy

Proteins that generate voltage across membranes that can later be used for cellular processes are called…

Electrogenic pumps

Proteins that build a proton gradient across the membrane are called…

Proton pumps

Proteins that move NA+ out of and K+ into the cell are called…

Sodium potassium pumps

In a Sodium potassium pump, how many NA+ are moved out of the cell?

3

In a Sodium potassium pump, how many K+ are moved into the cell?

2

In a Sodium potassium pump, who gains the +1 NET charge?

Extracellular fluid

The secretion of molecules via vesicles that fuse to the plasma membrane is called…

Exocytosis

In exocytosis, how do vesicles fuse to the membrane? They…

Form a bilayer

Couples a favorable movement with an unfavorable one is…

Cotransport

Cotransport uses energy from where to move substance against it’s concentration gradient?

Electrochemical gradient

One substance moves down it’s gradient to release energy, which makes a second substance move against it’s gradient is what?

Cotransport

Sucrose only being able to move against it’s gradient if it’s coupled with H+ moving downhill is an example of…

Cotransport

The uptake of molecules from vesicles fused from the plasma membrane is called…

Endocytosis

A cell engulfs solid particles to later be digested by a lysosome is called…

Phagocytosis

White blood cells surround a particle, packages the food into a vacuole, and the food vacuole eventually fuses with a lysosome to be digested is an example of…

Phagocytosis

The nonspecific uptake of extracellular fluid containing dissolved molecules is called…

Pinocytosis

The specific uptake of molecules via solute binding to receptors on the plasma membrane is called…

Receptor mediated endocytosis

What allows cells to take in a large quantity of a specific substance?

Receptor mediated endocytosis

What transport moves a solute with the concentration gradient?

Passive transport

What transport is driven by the concentration gradient?

Passive transport

The evenly mixed and spread of solute throughout with a continuous back and forth movement at equal rates is called…

Dynamic equilibrium

The spontaneous process resulting from the constant motion if molecules is…

Diffusion

What molecules take part in simple diffusion?

Small nonpolar molecules

The diffusion of water down its concentration gradient across a selectively-permeavle membrane using aquaporin is called…

Osmosis

Diffusion of water from an area with a low solute concentration to areas with a high solute concentration is called…

Osmosis

The diffusion of molecules through the membrane via transport proteins is called…

Facilitated diffusion

What diffusion increases the rate of diffusion for small ions, water, and carbohydrates?

Facilitated diffusion

Each transport protein is _ for it’s substance it can facilitate movement for in facilitated proteins.

Specific

Channel proteins are…

Hydrophilic

What has many channels that need a stimulus other than the solute being transported to allow for passage?

Channel proteins

What is the specific channel protein for water?

Aquaporins

Channels that only allow a passage when there is a stimulus.

Gated channels

What proteins undergo conformatioal change so that substances can pass?

Carrier proteins

The ability for extracellular solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water is called…

Tonicity

Cell must be able to regulate their solute concentrations and maintain water balance is called…

Osmoregulation

What type of tonicity is when the inside of a cell has no net movement of water, there is an equal movement of water into and out of the cell?

Isotonic

What type of tonicity is where animal cells work optimally?

Isotonic

The vacuole shrinks and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall is called…

Plasmolysis

What type of tonicity is when the cell loses water to extracellular surroundings?

Hypertonic

What is the physical property that predicts the direction water will flow?

Water potential