boe quiz

Ivan Pavlov

________- famous for research on classical conditioning and conducted experiment on dogs being classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell.

Night terrors

________- mainly targets children; a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and being terrified.

Obedience

________- performing a behavior /following commands from someone with authority.

Hormones

________- chemical messengers that are created by endocrine glands.

Reticular Formation

________- part of the brainstem that controls alertness and arousal.

Myelin Sheath

________- layer of fatty tissue that insulates axons and speeds up their impulses.

Reciprocity

________- when people are more willing to listen because they initiated a request.

Philip Zimbardo

________- conducted the controversial prison experiment to test the impact of roles on behaviors with a group of prisoners and guards, it was highly unethical and left severe mental effects on some of the subjects.

Information processing theory

________- suggests that we organize our memories and days events during sleep.

John B Watson

________- was a behavioral psychologist who studied observable behaviors and conducted the little Albert experiment.

Operational Definition

________- detailed instructions on what the experiment is measuring and how the variable is being measures.

Amygdala

________- located in limbic system, linked to emotion.

Fundamental Attribution Error

________- an individuals tendency to attribute someones actions to their personality instead of external /situational factors.

REM

________ sleep- recurring sleep stage in which vivid dreams occur,

Manifest content

________- according to Frued, the remembered story line of a dream.

Retrieval

________- the process of getting information out of memory storage.

Hindsight Bias

________- the tendency to believe that you knew it all along after learning the outcome.

Norepinephrine

________- helps control alertness and arousal.

Perception

________- the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us t recognize meaningful objects and events.

Spinal Cord

________- a major part of the central nervous system which conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.

Deindividuation

________- phenomenon in which people engage in impulsive /reckless behavior because they believe they wont get caught (when they 're in a big crowd or on the internet)

Recognition

________- when you notice something you learned previously.

Double

________- Blind Procedure- both subject and staff are "blind "to the group (experimental or control) that the subject is put in; used to prevent researchers acting differently to one group or accidentally giving away information.

Social Facilitation

________- the tendency where the presence of others can improve a persons performance.

Alpha

________ waves- relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Reuptake

________- a neurotransmitter's reabsorption of the sending nueron.

Population

________- all those in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn.

Hippocampus

________- located in ________; linked to memory.

Latent content

________- according to Frued, the underlying meaning of a dream.

Albert Bandura

________- researched observational learning and conducted Bobo Doll experiment.

Conflict

________- a disagreement in actions, goals, or ideas.

Serial

________ positioning effect- the tendency, when learning information in a long list, to more likely recall the first items (primacy effect) and the last items (recency effect)

Conformity

________- often changing a behavior or opinion when faced with other people who make a different choice.

James

________- Lange Theory- the theory that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment.

Deep processing

________- semantic encoding; forming an association or attaching meaning to a sensory impression and results in longer- lasting memories.

Corpus Callosum

________- neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain and carrying messages between them.

Thalamus

________- brain's sensory control center, detects all senses but smell.

Cerebellum

________- located at rear of brainstem; enables nonverbal learning and memory and coordinates voluntary movement.

Dopamine

________- influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion.

Soma

________- the cell body of a neuron.

Medulla

________- part of the brainstem, controls heartrate and breathing.

Recall

________- the process of bringing information from stored memories into conscious awareness.

Serotonin

________- affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal.

Insomnia

________- sleep disorder characterized by recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

Neurons

________- a nerve cell; the basic building blocks of the nervous system.

Narcolepsy

________- a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Norm

Social Responsibility ________- expectation that we should help others in need without expecting anything in return.

Acetylcholine

________- enables muscle action, learning and memory.

Survey

________- used for discovering self reported information of a group; cheap, anonymous, and can reach out to a large number of people.

Top down processing

constructs perceptions from sensory input by drawing on our experiences and expectations

Sleep apnea

sleep disorder characterized by temporary losses of breathing + momentary awakenings due to decreased blood oxygen (snoring + related to obesity)

Delta waves

large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Information processing theory

suggests that we organize our memories and days events during sleep

Negative reinforcement

increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli

Reciprocity Norm

the expectation that people will help us if we help them

Bystander Effect

the probability of helping another in distress decreases as the number of people available to help increases

Philip Zimbardo

conducted the controversial prison experiment to test the impact of roles on behaviors with a group of prisoners and guards, it was highly unethical and left severe mental effects on some of the subjects

Reciprocity

when people are more willing to listen because they initiated a request

Hindsight Bias

the tendency to believe that you knew it all along after learning the outcome

Axon

neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons

Myelin Sheath

layer of fatty tissue that insulates axons and speeds up their impulses

Endorphins

neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

Glutamate

a type of neurotransmitter involved in memory

Dopamine

influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Acetylcholine

enables muscle action, learning and memory

Norepinephrine

helps control alertness and arousal

Corpus Callosum

neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain and carrying messages between them

James-Lange Theory

the theory that emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment

Schachter-Singer Theory (two factor theory)

to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Cannon-Bard Theory

emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously

Sensation

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent information

Perception

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us t recognize meaningful objects and events

Bottom up processing

starts at sensory receptors and works up to higher levels of processing

Absolute threshold

the minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Just noticeable difference/difference threshold

the minimum amount by which two different stimuli differ for a person to perceive a difference, increases with the size of stimulus

Signal detection theory

a theory predicting how and when we detect a stimulus amid background stimulation

Cocktail party effect

your ability to attend to only one voice among many in a room full of people

Selective attention

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Circadian rhythm

your body's biological clock + regular body rhythms (body temp, wakefulness on a 24 hour cycle)

Manifest content

according to Frued, the remembered story line of a dream

Latent content

according to Frued, the underlying meaning of a dream

Night terrors

mainly targets children; a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and being terrified

Insomnia

sleep disorder characterized by recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Narcolepsy

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

Sleep spindles

sudden bursts of rapid brain wave activity that occur in NREM2 sleep

Alpha waves

relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

REM sleep

recurring sleep stage in which vivid dreams occur,

Wish fulfillment theory

Freud's theory that dreams propose a safety valve to express otherwise unaccepted feelings

Physiological functioning theory

dreams provide the brain with periodical stimulation that help and preserve neural pathways

Intermittent reinforcement

reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction

Continuous reinforcement

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Positive reinforcement

when presented after the response, it strengthens the response

Ex

getting paid to go to work

Operant conditioning

a type of learning where a behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer, and weakened if followed by a punisher

John B. Watson

was a behavioral psychologist who studied observable behaviors and conducted the little Albert experiment

B.F. Skinner

famous for research on operant conditioning + conducted Skinner's box experiment

Classical conditioning

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli to anticipate events

Ivan Pavlov

famous for research on classical conditioning and conducted experiment on dogs being classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell

Albert Bandura

researched observational learning and conducted Bobo Doll experiment

Bobo Doll Experiment

an experiment focused on observational learning conducted by Albert Bandura