IFS Upper Extremity Muscles

Upper Trapezius

O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance

I: Lateral 1/3 Clavicle, Spine and acromion of clavicle

A: C/S: Extension, IL Side-bend, CL Rotation

Scapula: Elevation, Retraction, Upward rotation

N: CN XI

Middle Trapezius

I: Spine and acromion of the scapula

A: Scapular Retraction

N: CN XI

Lower Trapezius

I: Scapular spine

A: Scapular depression, upward rotation, retraction

N: CN XI

Latissimus Dorsi

O: T6-L5 SP, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum, iliac crest

I: Bicipital groove of Humerus

A: Humeral adduction, extension, medial rotation

N: Ventral, C6-C8, Thoracodorsal Nerve

Rhomboid Major

I: Medial border and inferior angle of the scapula

A: Scapular elevation, downward rotation, and retraction

N: Ventral, C5, Dorsal Scapular

Rhomboid Minor

I: Root of the scapular spine

A: Scapular elevation, downward rotation, and retraction

N: Ventral, C5, Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Levator Scapulae

I: Superior angle of the scapula

A: CS: extension, IL side-bend, IL rotation

Scapular: elevation, retraction, and downward rotation

N: Ventral, C5, Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Supraspinatus

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus (anterior)

A: Humeral abduction

N: Suprascapular Nerve; C5, C6

Infraspinatus

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus (middle)

A: Humeral external rotation

N: Suprascapular nerve; C5, C6

Deltoid

Origin: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A:

Anterior: Humeral flexion, Internal rotation

Middle: Humeral abduction

Posterior: Humeral extension, external rotation

N: Axillary nerve; C5, C6

Teres minor

O: lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus (posterior)

A: Humeral external rotation

N: Axillary nerve; C5, C6

Teres Major

O: Inferior angle of the scapula

I: Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

A: Humeral internal rotation, adduction

N: Lower Subscapular nerve; C5, C6

Subscapularis

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

A: Humeral internal rotation

N: Upper and Lower subscapular nerves; C5, C6, C7

Pectoralis Major

O: anterior medial half of the clavicle

I: Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

A: Humeral internal rotation, adduction, some flexion and extension

I: lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve; C5-T1

Pectoralis Minor

I: Coracoid process of the scapula

A: Scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation

N: Medial pectoral nerve; C8 and T1

Subclavius

I: Subclavius groove of the clavicle

A: Clavicular depression

N: Nerve to subclavius; C5 and C6

Serratus Anterior

I: Medial border of scapula (anterior)

A: Scapular protraction and upward rotation

N: Long thoracic nerve, C5, C6, C7

Biceps Brachii

O: Coracoid process (short head) and Supraglenoid tubercle (long head)

I: Radial tuberosity

A: Shoulder and elbow flexion, forearm supination

N: C5, C6; Musculocutaneous Nerve

Brachialis

O: Anterior distal humerus

I: Coronoid process

A: Elbow flexion

N: C5, C6 Musculocutaneous Nerve

Coracobrachialis

O: Coracoid process of the scapula

I: Middle humerus

A: Humeral flexion

N: Musculocutaneous nerve; C5, C6

Triceps Brachii

O: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Lateral and Medial Head: Humerus

I: Olecranon

A: Elbow extension, Humeral extension (long head)

N: Radial nerve; C7, C8

Pronator Teres

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

I: Middle lateral surface of the radius

A: Pronates forearm, elbow flexion

N: Median Nerve; C6, C7

Flexor Carpi Radialis

O: Medial epicondyle of Humerus

I: Base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

A: Wrist flexion; Radial deviation

N: Median Nerve; C6, C7

Palmaris Longus

O: Medial epicondyle

I: Palmar aponeurosis

A: Wrist flexion, tenses palmar aponeurosis

N: Median Nerve C7, C8

Flexor carpi ulnaris

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus

I: Pisiform (carpal bone)

A: Wrist flexion; ulnar deviation

N: Ulnar nerve; C7, C8

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: Shaft of all middle phalanges

A: Flexion of the wrist, MCP and PIP joints of digits 2-5

N: Median nerve C7, C8, T1

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

O: Anteromedial surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane

I: Base of digits 2- 5, distal phalanges

A: Flexion of the wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of digits 2-5

N: Anterior Interosseous (2-3), Ulnar (4-5); C8, T1

Flexor Pollicis Longus

O: anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane

I: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

A: Flexion of 1st CMC, 1st MCP, and IP

N: Anterior Interosseus Nerve; C8, T1

Pronator Quadratus

O: Anterior distal surface of the ulna

I: Anterior distal surface of the radius

A: Forearm pronation

N: Anterior Interosseus Nerve; C8, T1

Anconeus

O: Lateral humeral epicondyle

I: Lateral proximal ulna

A: Elbow Extension

N: Radial Nerve; C7, C8

Brachioradialis

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge

I: Proximal to radial styloid process

A: Elbow flexion, forearm pronation/supination to neutral

N: Radial Nerve; C5, C6

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge

I: Base of 2nd metacarpal (dorsally)

A: Wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

N: Radial Nerve; C6, C7

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge

I: Base of 3rd metacarpal (dorsally)

A: Wrist extension and radial deviation, elbow flexion

N: Deep Radial Nerve, C7, C8

Extensor Digitorum

O: Lateral Humeral Epicondyle

I: Extensor expansion of #2-5

A: Wrist extension, and extension of #2-#5 digits

N: Posterior Interosseus Nerve; C7, C8

Extensor Digiti Minimi

O: Lateral Humeral Epicondyle

I: Extensor expansion of #5

A: Wrist extension and extension of digit #5

N: Posterior Interosseus Nerve; C7, C8

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

O: Lateral Humeral Epicondyle

I: Base of 5th metacarpal

A: Wrist extension and ulnar deviation

N: Posterior Interosseous Nerve; C7, C8

Abductor Pollicis Longus

O: Posterior ulna, radius, and interosseus membrane

I: Base of 1st metacarpal

A: 1st CMC abduction, extension

N: Posterior Interosseus Nerve; C7, C8

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

O: Posterior radius and interosseus membrane

I: Base of 1st distal phalanx

A: 1st CMC and MCP extension

N: Posterior Interosseus Nerve; C7, C8

Extensor Pollicis Longus

O: Posterior ulna and interosseus membrane

I: Base of 1st distal phalanx

A: 1st CMC, MCP, and IP extension

N: Posterior Interosseus Nerve; C7, C8

Extensor Indicis

O: Posterior ulna and interosseus membrane

I: Extensor expansion of #2

A: Wrist extension and extension of 2nd digit

N: Posterior Interosseus Nerve; C7, C8

Supinator

O: Lateral Humeral Epicondyle, LCL, Annular ligament

I: Lateral Proximal radius

A: Supination

N: Deep Radial Nerve; C7, C8

Flexor Digiti Minimi

O: Hook of hamate

I: Base of 5th proximal phalanx medially

A: 5th MCP Flexion

N: Deep Ulnar Nerve; C8, T1

Abductor Digiti Minimi

O: Pisiform

I: Base of 5th proximal phalanx medially

A: 5th MCP flexion and abduction

N: Deep Ulnar Nerve; C8, T1

Opponens Digit Minimi

O: hook of hamate

I: medial border of 5th metacarpal

A: Opposition towards center of palm

N: Deep Ulnar Nerve; C8, T1

Opponens Pollicis

O: Scaphoid, trapezium

I: Lateral border of 1st metacarpal

A: Opposition towards center of palm

N: Recurrent branch of Median Nerve; C8, T1

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

O: Scaphoid, trapezium

I: Base of 1st Proximal phalanx laterally

A: 1st CMC abduction, extension

N: Recurrent branch of Median Nerve; C8, T1

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

O: Scaphoid, Trapezium

I: Base of 1st proximal phalanx laterally

A: 1st MCP Flexion

N: Recurrent branch of Median nerve (Superficial head); Deep Ulnar Nerve (Deep head); C8, T1

Adductor Pollicis

I: Base of 1st proximal phalanx medially

A: 1st CMC adduction

N: Deep Ulnar Nerve; C8, T1

Lumbricals

O: Between flexor tendons

I: Extensor expansions

A: Flexion of MCP, Extensions of PIP and DIP for digits #2-#5

N: Digits 2 and 3: Median Nerve; Digits 4 and 5: Deep Ulnar Nerve; C8 and T1

Dorsal Interossei (Hand)

I: Extensor expansions

A: Flexion of MCP, extension of PIP/DIP of digits 2-5, Abducts 2nd and 4th digit

I: Deep Ulnar Nerve; C8, T1

Palmar Interossei

I: Extensor expansions

A: Flexion of MCP, extension of PIP/DIP of digits 2-5, Adducts 2, 4, 5

N: Deep Ulnar Nerve; C8, T1