HD 1130 Chapter 8

What are the 3 components of moral development?

Moral feelings, moral reasoning, and moral behavior.

What are moral feelings?

Emotions such as guilt, anxiety, and empathy that influence right and wrong behavior.

How did Freud explain moral feelings?

The superego develops partly to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment.

Heteronomous morality

4-7 years; justice and rules are unchangeable and consequences matter more than intentions

Autonomous morality

older children are aware that rules a created by people (consider intentions/consequences while judging actions)

What influences moral behavior?

reinforcement, punishment, imitation, self-control

Gender

characteristics of people as male and female

Gender identity

sense of being male/female (age 3)

Gender role

cultural set of expectations that prescribes how female/males should think/act

Gender typing

acquisition of traditional masculine/feminine role

Schema

A cognitive structure or network of associations that guides perception.

social role theory

gender differences results from contrasting role of men/women

psychoanalytic theory of gender

preschool child develops a sexual attraction to opposite-sex parents (Freud)

social cognitive theory of gender

children’s gender development occurs through observation of others actions/words

gender schema theory

children develop gender schemas of what is appropriate/inapproriate for their gender

What are possible consequences of child maltreatment?

Poor emotion regulation, attachment problems, peer difficulties, and depression.

What is Erikson's early childhood psychosocial stage?

Initiative versus guilt: trying new activities and developing purpose versus fearing failure.

What is self-understanding in early childhood?

Children describe themselves through physical traits, possessions, and abilities.

What are self-conscious emotions?

Pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt

authoritarian parenting

restrictive/punitive style of parenting

authoritative parenting

encourages children to be independent (still controls some actions), most benefits

neglectful parenting

parent is uninvolved in child’s life (poor self-control)

indulgent parenting

parents are highly involved with children (less control), children are unregulated

What are the types of child abuse

physical abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse