Science Yearly Exam 26

What is Kinetic Energy

The Energy of Movement

What is Potential Energy

The stored energy

What objects have kinetic energy - list 3

Light, Heat Thermal - Fire , Running, Sound, Windmill, Electrical - lighting bold

What objects have potential energy - list 3

chemical - corn chips, battery, nuclear - atoms, elastic - spring, bow & arrow, gravitational - skateboard ramp, apples falling from a tree

What is Conduction?

Movement of heat from one object to another WHILE touching

What is convection

Heat energy MOVING through liquids and gases

What is radiation

Energy travels as an electromagnetic wave THROUGH SPACE.

Describe a Physical change

must have Physical properties of an object

Describe a chemical change

must have Hydro-chemicals and molecules found

3 Examples of a physical change

Solid-Liquid, cutting paper, reserved easily

3 examples of a Chemical Change

new substances found, burnt paper, rotting eggs

What are some signs of a chemical reaction - 3 examples

permanent change of colour, light produced, gas produced, precipitate produced.

What is the law of conservation of mass

mass of reactants equals the mass of products, and mass shall not change

What is the difference between exothermic reactions and endothermic reactions

Exothermic gives out heat(fire), Endothermic takes in heat (ice)

What are three examples of weathering?

chemical, mechanical, biological

What is erosion

the removal of weathered rock from one location and transporting to another

When does deposition occur

occurs when sediment that has eroded is dropped in a new location

What are 3 erosion mechanisms

glaciers, waves, water, wind

What are some examples of a physical change - list 4

sugar dissolved in water, candle burning, chocolate melting, condensation on a window, jelly setting, dry ice subliming, chalk being crushed.

What are some examples of a chemical change - list 4

candle burning, marshmallow being toasted in a fire, two chemicals being mixed, gas being produced, two liquids becoming a solid, egg being cooked, metal changing colour over time

How can a metamorphic rock form

formed from when other rocks change from high temperatures

How can a sedimentary rock form

formed of clay, sand, pebbles, shells and other small sediments

How can an igneous rock form

formed from the cooking of molten (melted) rock

Define the word “mineral”

a naturally occurring inorganic substance

Geologists identify minerals based on their_____________

Physical Properties

What does the word “lustre” mean

shiny

what is MOH’s scale of hardness

2.5 being soft WHILE 8 being hard

At what stage (out of the four stages) does the organism die to become a fossil

first stage

What happens during the second stage of fossil formation

The remains get buried deeper under more layers and get compacted by the sediment.

At what stage during fossil formation (4 stages) do the groundwater minerals dissolve

stage 3

at what stage (out of 4) do the tectonic plates bring the fossil closer to the surface, making it visible

stage four

What is a Cell

A structural and functional unit

What is a Tissue

groups of similar cells

What are organs

made from 2 or more types of tissues that can work together

What are the 3 main cells on our body

skin, nerve, blood, muscle

what are the 4 main groups of tissues

epithelical, connective, muscle, nerve

What are the 3 main organs in our body

heart., lungs, skin

Which organ holds your gallbladder

liver

What is chemical digestion

breaking down food in a chemical reaction that forms molecules

what is mechanical digestion

physically breaking down food

where does the food enter your body

the mouth

which intestine has food entered first

small intestine

which organ disposes your food

anus/rectum

what is the second stage (out of 5) of the digestive system

the stomach

what is the 4th stage (out of 5) in the digestive system

the large intestine

in the digestive system, what comes before and after the stomach

mouth, small intestine

what is a small airhole that plays a major role in the human respiratory system

bronchiole

what is the main job of the ribs

to protect the lungs and heat

what is the colour and texture of human lungs

colour - pinky grey, texture - spongy like

what is the tube that carries air through to the alevoli

trachea

what are the 3 main blood vessles

arteries, veins, capillaries

the main function of your circulatory system is too
____

pump blood into your inner system

the blood vessels that carries blood to the heart is_____

the veins

the two upper chambers of the heart are____

the atrium

the two lower chambers of the heart are__

the ventricle

What is the main part of the excretory system

to excrete waste (cellular waste)

What is the difference between excretion and egestion?

Excretion removes cellular waste from the body, and egestion removes undigested food from the body

What are the 5 paths of urine

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, outside body

where does filtration occur

kidney

the nephron is tiny structures in the ___

kidney

is the ovary a female or male part of a plant

female

what does the ovule do

it is the female sex cell waiting to be fertilised

is the anther a female or male part of a plant

male

what does the pollen do

collects male sex cells

define “atom”

particle that makes up matter, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons

define “element”

a pure substance, made up of one atom

what are the properties of a metal? List 4

high melting point, high boiling point, good electrical conductivity, good heat conductivity, malleable, lustrous

what are the properties of non metals - list 4

low melting temperature, poor electrical conductivity, brittle, low boiling point, poor thermal conductivity, dull

how are metalloids different

Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity but have insulator properties making it different from metals

what is an compound

A compound is a substance made up of atoms from two or more elements

define “alloy”

a metal mixed with other metals or non metals

What are some metals that are pure substances - list 3

copper, tin, aluminium. iron,

What is the only non-metal that can conduct electricity

carbon

what is matter made up off

atoms

what are atoms made up of

nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons

what is a impure substance

a mixture that is physically separated

what does the periodic table tell us about each object.

tells us core facts about an element's structure, behaviour, and where it fits in relation to others

What are the four scientific words for the key of the periodic table

atomic number, symbol, standard atomic weight, name

What are the three main descriptions of the periodic table organisation

semimetals, nonmetals and metals

What is an independent variable

I change/control

What is a dependant variable

I measure/observes

What is a controlled variable

I control to be fair/valid

What is the first step (out of 6) for the scientific method

Ask your question

What is the second step (out of six) for the scientific method

doing research

What is the third step (out of six) for the scientific method

make a hypothesis

why should you make a hypothesis first before your experiment

to be aware of what you are looking for to give evidence to your hypothesis

what is the cause of a scientific problem

The action, force, or condition that makes something happen (e.g., heating an egg)

what is the effect of scientific problem

The observable result or change that occurs because of the cause (e.g., the egg protein hardens).

How to construct an AIM for a scientific project

having a high-level sentence clearly stating what your project will aim to look at

what are the 3 best ways to present data

a bar graph, a line graph and a table

Identify the reactants and products, and write the word equation - Magnesium metal is burned in oxygen to create a powder of magnesium oxide

Magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide

Identify the reactants and products, and write the word equation - when lead nitrate solution is mixed with potassium iodide, a bright yellow solid is formed, floating in a solution of potassium nitrate

Lead nitrate + potassium iodide = lead iodide

Identify the reactants and products, and write the word equation - when hydrogen acid is added to sodium carbonate, sodium chloride is formed along with water and carbon dioxide

hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate = sodium chloride