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Secondary Sex Characteristics

Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.

Spermarche

The first ejaculation.

Menarche

The first menstrual period.

Role

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Gender Role

A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for men and for women.

Sexual Aggression

Any physical or verbal behavior of a sexual nature that is unwanted or intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.

Gender Identity

Our personal sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female, regardless of whether this identity matches our sex assigned at birth.

Social Learning Theory

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.

Gender Typing

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Androgyny

Blending traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics.

Sexuality

Our thoughts, feelings, and actions related to our physical attraction to another.

Asexual

Having no sexual attraction toward others.

Social Script

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.

Sexual Orientation

According to the APA, a person’s sexual and emotional attraction to another person and the behavior and/or social affiliation that may result from this attraction.

Cognition

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Schema

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

Assimilation

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

Accommodation

Adapting our current schemas (understandings) to incorporate new information.

Sensorimotor Stage

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) at which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Object Permanence

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

Preoperational Stage

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) at which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.