Muscular system, injuries, treatment, movement

4 functions of muscular system

The muscular system has four primary functions: producing body movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, and generating heat through muscle contraction.

4 characteristics of the muscular system

The muscular system is characterized by contractility, excitability, and elasticity, allowing muscles to contract in response to stimuli, react to nerve impulses, and return to their original shape after stretching. also, extensibility which allows stretching

types of muscle cells

There are three types of muscle cells: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells, each with distinct structures and functions in the body.

which muscle cell is voluntary

skeletal

which muscle cell is not striated

smooth

epimysium

protective membrane around muscle

3 protective membranes

epimysium, perimysium and endomysium

perimysium

protective membrane around fascicle

endomysium

protective membrane around individual muscle fibers

what is Skeletal muscle

attached to bones by tendon protected by epimysium

what is a fascicle

bundles of muscle fiber within muscle protected by perimysium

Muscle fiber

long thin muscle cell inside fascicle protected by endomysium

what is the muscle fiber covered by that receives and transmits nerve impulse

sarcoplasmic reticulum

myofibril

long threadlike organelles in muscle fiber

what are the myofibril organised in

sarcomeres

myofilaments

responsible for muscle contraction

what are the two proteins responsible for muscle contraction

actin and myosin

what is the space between 2 z lines called

sarcomere

1st step of muscle contraction

nerve impulse

2nd step of muscle contraction

the calcium mineral winds up myosin head

3rd step of muscle contraction

the wind up of myosin head grabs and shortens the actin causing contraction

4th step of muscle contraction

atp and electrolytes release myosin head bringing the actin back

5th step of muscle contraction

repeat

what is the zigzag line actin and myosin are attached too

z line

origin

where muscle starts/bone is more fixed

antagonistic

muscle that is against prime mover/ this has to relax for prime to contract

prime mover

primary muscle thats moving/doing most of the work

synergistic muscle

helps out the prime mover

two different types of musculoskeletal disorders

mechanical and age related

the two different types of mechanical musculoskeletal injuries

overuse and repetition and traumatic

myalgia

Muscle pain

sprains

ligaments overextend or tear severity grade 1 2 3

strains

muscles and tendons overextend or tear

muscles ligaments and tendons can all do this

tear

tendonitis

inflamed tendons (overuse)

bursitis

burst bursae sacs (overuse)

bursae sacs

friction reducing cushions between bones muscles and tendon

two age related musculoskeletal disorders

osteoporosis osteoarthritis

osteoporosis

develops micro holes in bone decreasing bone mass/mineral density NOT width or length

osteoarthritis

inflammation of the joints from wear and tear

patholgical

underlying disease that manifests in the musculoskeltal system also know as the study of disease

wolfs law

greater force on bones greater bone density

how to strengthen bone density?

weight/strength training

Physical mechanism of a strain

external force exeeds internal structure usuall occurs with eccentric/lower motion usually with weight

inflammation process

after strain inflammation the white blood cells then edema then fibroblasts than scar tissue forms

signs and symptoms of strain

pain swelling weakness

what does PRICE stand for and when is it relevent

used for phase 1 of treatment for a strain it stands for Protect Rest Ice Compress Elevate

what is phase 1 of treatment

Lasts from 24-72 hours Price

what is phase 2 of treatment

Passive range of motion assisted range of motion lasts 1-2 weeks

what is phase 3 of treatment

progressive resistance exercise lasts 2-12 weeks

what does myo mean

Muscle

what are ligaments rich in

collagen

what heals faster and why

muscles bc more vascularity/blood flow

what does HOPS stand for

history observation palpation specialty tests

what is STT joint

Scaphoid trapezium trapezoid joint located on hollow base of the thumb

ligament definition

stabilises joints is made of collagen which is tough but heals slower

joint definition

holds bones together

tendonitis

irritation or inflammation of tendon occurs from wear and tear

tenosynovitis

usually hand or feet due to long tendons develop in tendon sheet

tendinosis

same thing as tendonitis but for a much longer period of time

tendons

connects muscle to bones transfers the force to joints for movement

subluxation

bones missaligned

dislocation

bones completely separated