Facts, Persuasion, & Argumentation Test 1

Persuasion

Promote an opinion on a particular position that is rooted in truth. Getting the audience to accept your point of view

Argument

Discover the truth. Offers good reasoning and evidence to persuade an audience to accept a truth

Propaganda

Offer “political advertising” for a particular position that may distort the truth or include false information. Relies on emotions and values to persuade an audience to accept a particular position

Logos

Appeal to logic and reasoning

Pathos

Appeal to emotion

Ethos

Appeal to character and credibility

Blame

assigning responsibility (past)

Values

what is right and wrong (present)

Choice

Which option we should choose (future)

Decorum

Adapt your language to your audience, and you can earn their trust in your character and credibility. Includes matching tone, gestures, speech, attitude, and identifying commonalities

Virtue (cause)

Must be seen to have the right values and share those values with your audience. Audience believes you are good

Practical Wisdom (craft)

you seem to know the right thing to do

Disinterest (caring)

you are unbiased about the issue; care about the audience’s interests

Bragging

talking about your own accomplishments or qualities to establish credibility

Character References

Instead of bragging about yourself, have someone else establish your good character

Tactical flaw

Purposely revealing a small weakness or imperfection to make yourself seem more honest and believable

Changing your position

Being willing to change your opinion or acknowledge that the other side has a valid point

Showing off your expirence

Demonstrate practical wisdom by showing that you have experience with the subject

Bend the rules

Don’t blindly follow rules when doing so would hurt your argument or your audience

Take the middle course

Avoid extreme positions. Find a reasonable middle ground between two extremes

Reluctant conclusion

Make it seem like you didn’t immediately want to reach the conclusion, but the evidence or circumstances led you there

Personal Sacrifice

Show that you’re willing to give something up for the greater good

Dubitatio

Pretending to be uncertain or hesitant about what you’re saying

Authenticity

Being genuine and believable rather than sounding fake or overly rehearsed

Self control

Control your own emotions so that you use emotion strategically rather than allowing emotion to control you

Speak Simply

Use simple, clear language when trying to create an emotional response

Story telling

Tell us a story that allows the audience to experience an issue emotionally

Unannounced emotion

Don’t always explicitly tell people what emotion they should feel

Anger

Make people feel that something unfair or wrong has happened

Patriotism

Appeal to love or pride for one’s country

emulation

Encourage people to imitate someone admirable

Nostalgia

Make people think fondly about the past

Desire

Appeal to what people want

Deliberative rhetoric (future)

Focuses on what we should do. Purpose: choice

Forensic rhetoric (past)

Focuses on what happened and who is responsible. Purpose: blame

demonstrative rhetoric

Focuses on praise, blame, values, and what is good or bad. Purpose: values

rhetorical virtue

The qualities of the speaker that make the audience trust them

rhetorical values

The beliefs or principles that the audience considers important

Tactical flaw

You intentionally reveal a small weakness or imperfection to make yourself appear more honest, human, and trustworthy