Lecture 7 Human Neck (Triangle of the Neck, Larynx, and Glands)

what are the four neck spaces

vertebral compartment, visceral compartment, and two vascular compartments

what does the vertebral compartment contain

cervical vertebrae and postural muscles

which compartment has cervical vertebrae and postural muscles

vertebral compartment

what does the visceral compartment contain

glands (thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus), the larynx, pharynx and trachea

which compartment has glands (thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus), the larynx, pharynx and trachea

visceral compartment

what does the two vascular compartments contain

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve, on each side of the neck

which compartment has the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve, on each side of the neck

two vascular compartments

label the structure

anterior triangle

label the structure

posterior triangle

structures in the anterior triangle

submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle, muscular triangle

what part of the neck encompasses these structures: submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle, muscular triangle

anterior triangle

structures in the posterior triangle

ocipital triangle and subclavian triangle

what part of the neck encompasses these structures: ocipital triangle and subclavian triangle

posterior triangle

nerves of the carotid triangle

ansa cervicalis (cervical spinal nerve 1-3 (CI, CII, CIII)); nerves X, XI, XII; internal and external carotid arteries, internal jugular vein

cervical spinal nerve 1-3 (CI, CII, CIII) are nerves in which part of the neck

nerves of carotid triangle

nerves X, XI, XII are nerves in which part of the neck

nerves of carotid triangle

internal and external carotid arteries are nerves in which part of the neck

nerves of carotid triangle

internal jugular vein is a nerve in which part of the neck

nerves of carotid triangle

what is larynx

a cartilaginous skeleton (part of your respiratory system)

what structure is a cartilaginous skeleton (part of your respiratory system)

larynx

function of the hollow tube of larynx

lets air pass from your throat (pharynx) to your trachea on the way to your lungs

where can we find the vocal cords or voice box in our neck

larynx

functions of larynx

breathing, creating vocal sounds, preventing food and other particles from getting into your trachea, lungs and the rest of your respiratory system

name the structure responsible for: breathing, creating vocal sounds, preventing food and other particles from getting into your trachea, lungs and the rest of your respiratory system

larynx

what is the purpose of the cartilage of larynx

it gives structure

what is the purpose of ligaments in larynx

connect the areas of cartilage and attach your larynx to nearby structures

what is the purpose of membranes in larynx

help hold cartilage together

what is the purpose of muscles in larynx

move your larynx while swallowing, help with breathing and produce vocal sounds

what are the important parts of larynx that serves purpose

cartilage, ligaments, membranes, muscles

name the important ligaments we need to know

 Thyrohyoid ligament, Cricotracheal ligament, Cricothyroid ligament

what do you call the suprahyoid muscles in our larynx

elevators

what do you call the infrahyoid muscles in our larynx

depressors

what are the two main subsections of extrinsic muscle in our neck

suprahyoid muscles (elevators) and infrahyoid muscles (depressors)

what is the main elevator and depressor muscle (part of the extrinsic muscle) of the larynx

suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles

purpose of elevator muscles in larynx

to elevate (raise) the hyoid bone and the larynx

purpose of depressor muscles in larynx

sit below the hyoid bone and act to depress (lower) the hyoid and the larynx

name the suprahyoid muscles

digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, geniohyoid muscle, mylohyoid muscle

name the infrahyoid muscles

sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle

name the intrinsic muscle of the larynx

the thyroarytenoid muscle, vocalis muscle, adductors, abductors

describe the anatomy of the thyroarytenoid muscle

a wide, paired muscle arising from the inner surface of thyroid cartilage

name this structure: a wide, paired muscle arising from the inner surface of thyroid cartilage

the thyroarytenoid muscle

function of the thyroarytenoid muscle

Its fibers pass posterolaterally to insert into the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage

name the structure with this function: Its fibers pass posterolaterally to insert into the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage

the thyroarytenoid muscle

describe the anatomy of the vocalis muscle

a small, paired strand-like muscle which sits parallel to the vocal ligament

name this structure: a small, paired strand-like muscle which sits parallel to the vocal ligament

the vocalis muscle

function of the vocalis muscle

controlling and changing the tonal quality of the voice

name the structure with this function: controlling and changing the tonal quality of the voice

the vocalis muscle

what are the adductors of the larynx

Transverse arytenoid muscle, oblique arytenoid muscle, lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

What is the primary action of the transverse arytenoid muscle, oblique arytenoid muscle, lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Adduction (closing) of the vocal folds

what are the abductors of the larynx

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

What is the primary action of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Abduction (opening) of the vocal folds

name the glands of the face and neck

thyroid gland, parotid gland, salivary gland anatomy

describe this gland: butterfly shaped, consists of two connected lobes

thyroid gland

where is the thyroid gland located

located at the front of the neck in the lower part of the throat on either side of the trachea

which gland is located at the front of the neck in the lower part of the throat on either side of the trachea

thyroid gland

weight of thyroid gland

20-60 grams on average

the thyroid gland is larger in which gender

women

when does the thyroid gland increase in size for women

during pregnancy

how many parathyroid glands are there

four, two on each side

length of parathryoid gland

6 mm in length and 3-4 mm in width

name the important thyroid hormones

T3, T4, calcitonin

full name for T3

Triiodothyronine

full name for T4

Tetraiodothyronine

name the proper thyroid hormones

T3, T4

where is T3 and T4 made in

follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland

what is calcitonin made by

c-cells of thyroid gland

how many % of the thyroid hormones is thyroxine (T4)?

80%

how many % of the thyroid hormones is triiodothyronine (T3)?

20%

what is the building block of T3 and T4?

iodine

what is iodine responsible for

be the building block of T3 and T4

why is dietary intake of iodine important

because this trace mineral is vital to our life

function of the pituitary gland

help regulate thyroid hormone production in the body

main role of thyroid gland

regulate body’s metabolism

main role of parathyroid gland

regulates the calcium level within the blood and the bones

which hormone produce the T3 and T4 hormones

thyroid gland

function of thyroid gland

stimulates body tissues to produce proteins and increase the amount of O2

function of Parathyroid Hormone/Parathormone (pTH)

regulates level of calcium in blood

which hormone does the Parathyroid Hormone/Parathormone (pTH) work with

calcitonin

when is Parathyroid Hormone/Parathormone (pTH) released?

when there is decreased calcium levels and it is released to raise calcium levels

which nerve provides the main parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers

the vagus nerve

the nerves supply of the larynx and thyroid does not play a role in the control of hormonal production or secretion but instead they influence what

vasculature

the superior thyroid artery is a branch of the ?

external carotid artery

inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the ?

subclavian artery

where does the superior and middle veins drain into

the internal jugular vein

where does the inferior veins empty into

brachiocephalic vein

are salivary glands exocrine or endocrine glands

exocrine glands

how are salivary glands classified

based on the nature of the saliva they excrete

functions of salivary glands

To keep the oral mucosa protected and lubricated

Help in the initial stages of digestion during mastication of food

They contribute to amylase that starts the digestion of carbohydrates

what structure is responsible for this function: To keep the oral mucosa protected and lubricated.

salivary glands

what structure is responsible for this function: Help in the initial stages of digestion during mastication of food

salivary glands

what structure is responsible for this function: They contribute to amylase that starts the digestion of carbohydrates

salivary glands

what are the categories of salivary glands based on size

major salivary glands and minor salivary glands

what are major salivary glands

they are large bilaterally paired extra oral glands with extended duct system

what are the three pairs of major salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands belong to what type of salivary glands

major salivary glands

where is minor minor salivary glands located

The mucosa & submucosa of the oral cavity with short ducts opening directly onto mucosal surface

name the types of minor salivary glands

Serous glands of Von Ebner; Anterior lingual glands; Lingual, buccal, labial, palatal glands, glossopalatine and retromolar glands

what type of gland are the serous glands of Von Ebner

minor salivary gland

what type of gland are Anterior lingual glands

minor salivary gland

what type of gland are these: Lingual, buccal, labial, palatal glands, glossopalatine and retromolar glands

minor salivary glands