Chapter 7

Epiphysis of the bone

A

2) Location of the epiphyseal line. 

B

Compact bone

C

Area where yellow marrow is found

D

5) An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children. 

Greenstick

6) Bone fragments into many pieces. 

Comminuted

7) Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force. 

Spiral

8) Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.  

True

9) Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function. 

False

10) The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels. 

False 

11) The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk. 

True

12) All bones stop growing by the end of adolescence. 

False

13) An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only. 

True

14) The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress. 

True

15) The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is calcitonin. 

False

16) Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth. 

False

17) Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of

Fat

18) The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the

Osteoblast

19) A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the

Diaphysis

20) Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women? 

estrogen deficiency due to menopause 

21) Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood? 

C) epiphyseal plate 

23) Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? 

D) communication 

22) Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood? 

C) growth hormone 

24) The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________. 

D) blood vessels and nerve fibers 

25) For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary? 

B) Ossification centers form in the fibrous connective tissue membrane. 

26) The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________. 

C) appositional growth 

27) Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? 

A) osteoclast 

28) Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? 

C) parathyroid hormone 

29) Cranial bones develop ________. 

B) within fibrous membranes 

30) Spongy bone contains ________. 

C) trabeculae 

31) Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________. 

C) bone formation 

32) Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________. 

A) interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates 

33) Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________. 

A) calcium and vitamin D 

34) What tissue forms the model for endochondral ossification? 

A) cartilage 

35) Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone. 

B) canaliculi                   

36) Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following? 

C) 18-year-old male