PSY 101 Social Psychology - Exam 3

Social Psychology

This is the study of how social contexts as well as broader cultural environments influence people's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

External Attribution

This attribution is when you blame the outside situation.

Internal Attribution

This attribution is when you blame yourself.

Fundamental Attribution Error

This is the tendency to assume that people's actions are more the result of their internal dispositions than of the situational context.

actor-observer bias

When you are the actor, you tend to make situational attributions, but when you're the observer, you tend to make dispositional attributions.

Central Route

This route uses more thoughtful and reflective strategies.

Peripheral Route

This route is more impressionable, this uses automatic associations to influence attitude.

Door-in-the-Face

This strategy is when you say an unreasonably large request so that they feel more open to a smaller one (what you really want).

Foot in the Door Approach

This strategy is when you provide a low-cost request, then they will be more likely to do something bigger.

Low Ball

This is when you gain compliance by making a very good initial offer so that the person accepts it, then changing the terms to make them less favorable.

Cognitive Dissonance

This is the sense of conflict between actions and attitudes which can motivate efforts to reduce dissonance and restore a sense of internal consistency.

Conformity

This is the process where people implicitly mimic or adopt the behaviors, beliefs, and preferences of those around them.

Informational Social Influence

This is the kind of conformity to other's actions or beliefs, in order to behave correctly or gain an accurate understanding of the world.

Normative Social Influence

This is when you conform to gain approval from others or avoid disapproval.

Social Facilitation

This refers to how you perform while others are watching. If you are good at something it will boost your performance, but if you are bad at something you will perform worse.

Social Loafing

This is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort on a task when they are doing it with others rather than alone.

Group Polarization

This is the tendency for people's attitudes on an issue to become more extreme after discussing it with like-minded others.

Groupthink

This occurs during group decisions when people feel pressure to maintain allegiance to a group leader or to render a difficult decision under time pressure.

Norm of Reciprocity

This is when people agree to help others who have helped them in the past or might help them in the future.

Bystander Effect

This occurs when people are less likely to come to the aid of a victim when other observers are present then when they are alone.

Stereotypes

These are mental representations or schemas that we have about groups.

Similarity

This is the idea that people who are alike will have a more successful relationship.

Discrimination

This is a negative attitude toward a group or members of a group and the tendency for individuals to receive different treatment or outcomes as a result of their membership in a given social group.

Social Identity Theory

This is when people maintain this positive attitude for their ingroup in part by seeing other groups in a more negative light.

Stanley Milgram

This person used a teacher learner format and fake electric shocks to study obedience in the presence of an authority figure.

Solomon Asch

This person provided the study with four lines that were different lengths and asked which was the longest. The confederates all voted for the same one and then he would see what the subjects would pick.

Deindividuation

This is the phenomenon when someone acts differently in groups then they would as individuals.

Mere Exposure Effect

This is an individual's increased preference for something just because of the repeated exposure to that thing.

Superordinate Goals

These are goals that are worth completing but require two or more social groups to cooperatively achieve.

Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)

a model of persuasion maintaining that there are two different routes to persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route