CH7: Life Span Development

Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

a. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body

b. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function

c. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed

d. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed

an infant or small child’s airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

a. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible

b. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat

c. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse

d. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible

at which age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

a. 10 to 18 months

b. 24 to 36 months

c. 6 to 8 months

d. 18 to 24 months

10 to 18 months

breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the":

a. overall size of the airway decreases

b. surface area of the alveoli increases

c. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge

d. elasticity of the lungs decrease

elasticity of the lungs decrease

in contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child

a. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted

b. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net

c. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection

d. becomes acutely anxious in the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings

shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection

factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elder patient include all of the following except:

a. increased surface area available for air exchange

b. decreased residual volume

c. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage

d. a loss of respiratory muscle mass

increased surface area available for air exchange

in precoventional reasoning, children

a. look for approval from their peers and society

b. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children

c. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they were

d. make decisions based on their conscience

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want

the average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 40 years of age is typically

a. 60 beats/min

b. 90 beats/min

c. 80 beats/mins

d. 70 beats/min

70 beats/min

the human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of

a. 18 and 22 years

b. 25 and 35 years

c. 19 and 25 years

d. 21 and 30 years

19 and 35 years

the pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately

a. 90 to 140 beats/min

b. 60 to 100 beats/min

c. 70 to 120 beats/min

d. 100 to 150 beats/min

70 to 120 beats/min

which of the following are not noticeable characteristics of a 9 month old infant

a. responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently

b. walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions

c. place objects int he mouth, pulls himself or herself up

d. knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance

place objects in her mouth, pulls himself or herself up

which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?

a. an infant’s head accounts for less body weight than an adult’s head

b. the rib cage of an infant is less flexible than an adult’s rib cage

c. the trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult’s trachea

d. an infant’s tongue is proportionately larger than an adult’s tongue

an infant’s tongue is proportionately larger than an adult’s tongue

which of the following is not a common factor that would affect a 75 year old patient’s vital signs?

a. increased weight

b. medications

c. medical conditions

d. overall health

increased weight

which of the following statements regarding age related changes in the nervous system is correct?

a. generally speaking the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age

b. the metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly

c. interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge in skill, despite a loss of neurons

d. because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person’s level of intelligence decreases with age

interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge in skill, despite a loss of neurons

which of the following statements regarding an infant’s vital signs is correct?

a. by 6 months of age, an infant’s normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg

b. an infant’s heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min

c. an infant’s normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month

d. an infant’s normal body temperature is typically highly than a preschooler’s normal body temperature

an infant’s normal body temperature is typically highly than a preschooler’s normal body temperature

which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

a. increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet

b. cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer

c. significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years

d. women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50 or early 60s

cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer

which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

a. adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children

b. because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lower risk for suicide

c. family conflict decrease as the adolescent gains control of his or her own life

d. antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age

antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age

which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

a. muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity

b. the normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min

c. toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue

d. toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity

toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity

you are assessing a 13 month old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. while you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she:

a. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

b. is unable to track your movements with her eyes

c. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration

d. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence