9th grade civics test 3

Jesus warned his followers that they would face

Persecution

The New Testament records the spread of the gospel

Throughout the Roman Empire

Early Christian's sometimes faced difficulty serving in Roman government or the military because Roman officials often required

Participation in pagan worship

Persecution of Christian's in the Roman Empire ended in A.D. 313 with the

Edict of Milan

The edict of Milan was issued by

Emperor constantine and licinius

Constantine's acceptance of Christianity raised new questions about the relationship between the

Church and government

Christian's had to consider how a Christian ruler should treat other religions and how much

Authority the government should have over the church

During the Middle Ages, churchmen and political rulers often disagreed over how authority should be

Divided

Many rulers believed that a strong society required a shared

Religion

The Protestant reformation

Shattered the religious unity that had existed in much of Europe

Before the reformation the Roman Catholic Church was the

Dominant church in western europe

After the reformation, Europe contained both Protestant and

Catholic populations

Some rulers attempted to maintain religious unity by requiring a

Particular religion within their territory

European Protestants and Catholics fought numerous wars over whether Catholicism would regain its former dominance or if

Protestantism would survive

Religious tensions also existed in England where religious differences eventually contributed to

Political struggles

British philosopher that lived from 1632-1704

John Locke

As a young man Locke accepted the common idea that everyone should strictly follow

The monarch's religion

In 1665 Locke traveled to the German city of

Wittenberg

In Wittenberg he observed Protestants and Catholics living together in

Relative harmony

Locke came to believe that religion should be separated from the ordinary political disputes handled by

The state

John Locke argued that people should have the freedom to choose their own

Religion

Locke believed government should tolerate religious differences as long as possible as long as people

Obeyed the law

Locke based much of his thinking on

Natural law

Natural law leaches that people can recognize certain moral truths through

Reason and conscience

Many English settlers came to North America because they were facing

Religious persecution

In America many colonists created governments that protected their ability to

Worship god as they believed was right

These colonists believed governments founded upon Christian principles would

Provide moral stability

The mayflower compact was signed by pilgrims aboard the mayflower in

1620

The mayflower compact established a simple form of covenant for the

Plymouth colony

The compact reflected the idea of a covenant, an agreement in which people promise

To work together for the common good

By 1787 the leaders of the new nation drafted

The constitution

Locke's Argument for religious tolerance influenced

American leaders

The first amendment states that congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or

Prohibiting the free exercise thereof which is known as the establishment clause and free exercise clause

Between the war of 1812 and the civil war America experienced major

Righteous change

The second great awakening brought millions of believers into

Evangelical churches

By the 1830s evangelical Protestants had become a major influence in

American society

Many Americans shared a common outlook on morality and the

Authority of the bible

Evangelical Protestants launched efforts to address social problems such as

Drunkenness, illiteracy, and poverty

After the civil war increasing numbers of Roman Catholics, Jewish and Eastern Orthodox immigrants

Entered the us

European Protestant theology also influenced

American seminaries and schools

During the twentieth century humanists and secularists pushed for a broader interpretation of the establishment and

Free exercise clauses

Today pluralism refers to the coexistence of many differ religious, social, and political groups

Within society

Pluralism presents the challenge of determining how people with different beliefs can

Live together in society

America contains many religious groups as well as a large amount of

Secularism

Secularists generally argue that religion is a private matter that should remain

Outside the public sphere

Moral questions however affect public issues such as marriage, abortion, education and

Free speech

Different groups often answer moral questions differently because they begin with

Different values