Protein Structure/Cytoskeleton/DNA Structure

Primary structure bonds and structure

peptide bonds, structure: polypeptide

Secondary Structure bonds and structure

Hydrogen bonds, Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet

Tertiary Structure bonds and structure

Ionic interactions, H-bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges, structure: A folded up 3D polypeptide

Quaternary Structure bonds and structures

Bonds between different polypeptides and any associated molecules, Structure: A final protein with multiple polypeptide subunits and any associated molecules

Intermediate filaments

Serve purely structural roles, help cell resist compression, an example is keratin

Microfilaments

Facilitate/aid in cellular movement, help determine shape of cell, polymerize and depolymerize quickly, cytoplasmic streaming, muscle contraction

Microtubles

For “highway” for intracellular movement, directed by centrosomes to arrange chromosomes during mitosis, polymerize and depolymerize quickly

Which part(s) of the nucleotides form the backbone of the DNA?

Sugar and phosphates

Which part(s) of the nucleotides form the “rungs” of the DNA?

Nitrogenous bases linked with H-bonds

Which is the 5’ to 3’ end of each strand?

5’= phosphate

3’= OH group