climate/weather

Weather

Short term conditions of a certain place at a certain time

What is temperature? What makes temperature?

How hot or cold something is. The speed of particles

volume

how much stuff is in something

Humidity

The amount of water vapor in the air

saturation

as wet as something can get

relative humidity

The percentage of water vapor in the air to the amount needed to saturate at the same temp

Wind

flowing air

Which direction does wind flow form

high pressure to low pressure

High pressure system

Air sinks to the surface and spreads out to low pressure

Low pressure

Warm air rises

High pressure

cool air sinks

Low pressure weather

cloudy and rainy

high pressure weather

clear and sunny

Front

Two ai masses of different temps and densities meet but don’t mix

cold front

cold air mass moves under a warm air mass and pushes it up

warm air front

where a warm air mass catches up to and over rides the cold air mass

Stationary front

Where a cold front slows down and stops as a warm air moves toward it

Occluded front

Cold air takes over a warm air front

climate

Average weather conditions over a log time

Albendo

How much sunlight a surface reflects or absorbs

High albendo

very reflective

low albedo

absorb

albedo can…

very with the seasons

The 6 climates…..

humid tropical, dry, humid subtropical, humid continental, polar, highland

How are latitude and air temperature related

The higher the latitude, the colder the air temp; the lower the latitude, the warmer the air temp

What is the general climate around the equator

tropical, adequate rain, sunny, temperature is about the same year round

How do landforms affect climate

prevailing winds move moist air toward mountains.  As it rises to pass mountains, it cools and condenses into clouds and precipitation.  Rain or snow falls on the side where the prevailing winds are coming from.  Air on other side is dry -this is a rain shadow

What are factors that you could include in a weather forecast

Temp, humidity, rain, air pressure, wind speed, cloud cover

True or false: Cool air has higher pressure than warm air

True

What data can be used to predict weather with 100% accuracy

None

What will happen when relative humidity reaches 100%

Rainfall

What is the source that drives the water cycle and thus determines precipitation?

Sun

What is humidity and what does it affect

Measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. How warm or cool you feel

What is an air mass

Large body of air that has similar temps and humidity throughout- forms when air stays in one region for many days or weeks. Air mass gradually takes on the characteristics of the water or land below them

What is a low pressure system

warm less dense air rises

How are temperature and pressure related

lower temperature = higher pressure

As isobars on a map move closer together, what does this show in terms of wind speed and air pressure

higher wind speed and higher air pressure

What is a front

boundary between air masses

What type of weather does cold front bring and how fast does it move

brings rain, snow, thunderstorms and moves very fast

what type of weather do warm fronts bring

Brings drizzly rain, clouds, weather remains rainy or cloudy for several days cause it moves very slowly

True or false: When there is a decrease in temperature in an area with high relative humidity, a Decrease in temperature would results in an increase in precipitation

true

What is the relationship between air temperature and relative humidity?

Lower air temp increases relative humidity because it decreases the amount of water the air can hold so the extra water is released as rain

How does the sun affect temperature at the Earth's equator and poles?

The sun hits the eqaudor year round and the poles only get some

-Describe the greenhouse effect

sunlight passes through the atomosphere and warms the surface. This causes the air to warm. some of the energy is absorbed by the greenhouse gases…. causes Earth to be warm enough for humans and moany other plants and animals to live.

What is the relationship between amount of albedo and temperature

areas with high albedo stay somwhat cool because they refelct a lot of sunlight. areas with low albedo are warmer cause they abosrb a lot of sunlight

-Name two greenhouse gases

carbon dioxide water vapor methane ozone

what do those gasses do

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation (heat) emitted by Earth's surface and re-emit it in different directions, keeping some heat in the atmosphere.

• Breathing organisms: Release CO₂, which absorbs infrared radiation and traps heat.

• Water cycle: Evaporation adds water vapor to the atmosphere. Water vapor absorbs infrared radiation and traps heat.

• Dead animals: Decomposition releases CO₂ and methane, which absorb infrared radiation and trap heat.

• Factories: Burning fossil fuels releases extra CO₂, increasing the amount of heat trapped in the atmosphere.

• Ozone: Absorbs infrared radiation and traps heat. Pollution can create extra ozone near Earth's surface.