Environment

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment, consisting of biotic and abiotic components.

Abiotic Components

Non-living factors in an ecosystem like soil, water, sunlight, and temperature.

Biotic Components

Living organisms in an ecosystem including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

Energy Flow

Transfer of energy through ecosystems via food chains and food webs.

Habitat Destruction

Threat to ecosystems caused by activities like deforestation and urbanization.

Food Chain

Linear sequence of organisms where each serves as food for the next level, showing energy transfer.

Trophic Levels

Different levels in a food chain including producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers.

Food Web

Network of interconnected food chains showing energy and nutrient flow in an ecosystem.

Pollution

Introduction of harmful substances into the environment, causing adverse effects on health and ecosystems.