RPH FINALS, THE PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS

List of Philippine Presidents and their Contributions

1. General Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899-April 1, 1901)

The president of the first Philippine republic (1899). He started as a member of the Magdalo Chapter of the Katipunan in Cavite, then was elected president of the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention on March 22,1897, and, later, Biak-na-Bato Republic. He proclaimed Philippine independence at Kawit on June 12, 1898. His capture foreshadowed the end of large-scale armed resistance to American rule.

first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolo Republic)

signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and Philippine revolutionaries

known as the President of the Revolutionary Government

led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-Philippine War

youngest president, taking office at age 28

longest-lived president, passing away at 94

2. Manuel L. Quezon (November 15, 1935-August 1, 1944)

The first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American rule. He was president of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. For advocating Filipino-language amendments to the 1935 Constitution, he is known as the "Father of the National Language."

first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines

first president elected through a national election

first president under the Commonwealth

created National Council of Education

Initiated women's suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth

approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines

⚫ appears on the twenty-peso bill

a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are named after him

his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle

3.Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943-August 17, 1945)

The 3rd among Philippine presidents to assume office during the era of the Japanese occupation of World War II, Jose P. Laurel is the only Filipino president in his time to have been shot outside of combat.

since the early 1950s, Laurel considered a legitimate president of the Philippines

organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or Association for Service to the New Philippines), a provisional government during Japanese occupation

declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in 1944

4.Sergio Osmeña (August 1, 1944 - May 28, 1946) 2/6

Sergio Osmeña was the second president of the Commonwealth. During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund.

became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold office

first Visayan to become president

joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of Philippine

freedom after Japanese occupation

Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund during his presidency

Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his presidency

appears on the 50-peso bill

5. Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946-April 15, 1948)

He was the fifth Philippine president but was considered as the third and last president under the Commonwealth era making him the next first leader of the Third Republic of the Philippines (R.P.J. Shortlived as he served for some reason, he only assumed office for a very short period of 1 year, 10 months and 18 days to be exact.

inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II

reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his presidency

⚫ under his terrn, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by Congress

appears on the 100-peso bill

6. Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948-December 30, 1953)

Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino became president.

Hukbalahap guerrilla movement active during his presidency

created Social Security Commission

created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption

Quezon City became capital of the Philippines in 1948

7. Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953-March 17, 1957)

President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957. He had been President Quirino's secretary of defense who was Instrumental is suppressing the HUK rebellion. As president, he persuaded Congress to pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act (1954). It was during his term that the Retail Trade Nationalization Act was passed. He secured revisions in the Bell Trade Act and was the first president to revise the US Military Bases agreement to bring it more in line with Philippine interests.

Hukbalahap movement quelled during his presidency

chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla Affairs