Animal Phyla and Fetal Pig Dissection Overview

What is the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate?

Vertebrates have a backbone; invertebrates do not.

What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia?

Multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells without cell walls.

How is the Phylum Porifera divided into its Classes?

Based on spicules they possess.

Where can most sponges be found?

Under Water.

What is a Cnidarian? Give several examples.

An aquatic animal with cnidocytes; examples include Jellyfish, Sea anemones, and hydras.

Give an example of an organism with the following body plans: Asymmetry.

Sponge.

Give an example of an organism with the following body plans: Radial Symmetry.

Jellyfish.

Give an example of an organism with the following body plans: Bilateral Symmetry.

Human.

Name and draw the two different body plans of Cnidarians.

Polyp and Medusa.

Describe the internal structures found in Ascaris worm.

Has a pseudo coelom, a simple digestive tract, mouth, esophagus, intestine, and anus.

What are the sensory structures found in Planaria worms?

Eyespots for light detection and auricles for chemoreception.

Describe the digestive system of an earthworm.

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, and anus.

What is a filter feeder? Give two examples.

Obtains food by filtering water; examples include Clams and Sponges.

Name and describe the five main classes of Arthropods (from simple to complex). What is a simple way to identify each?

1) Trilobites: three lobed body plan; 2) Chelicerata: they have pincers or fangs; 3) Myriapoda: many body segments, 1-2 pairs of legs; 4) Hexapoda: three body segments and six legs; 5) Crustacea: branched appendages and two pairs of antennae.

Describe and give an example of each Phylum of Animal that we studied.

Porifera: organisms that filter feed, sponges; Cnidaria: radially symmetrical animals with stinging cells (polyp & medusa); Platyhelminthes: flatworms with bilateral symmetry, lack a body cavity; Nematoda: roundworms with a pseudocoelom and complete digestive system.

Name and Describe the 7 Classes of Vertebrates that we studied. Give an Example of each.

1) Fish; 2) Amphibians; 3) Reptiles; 4) Birds; 5) Mammals; 6) Cartilaginous fish; 7) Bony fish.

Why are fetal pigs commonly used for dissection in biology?

Fetal pigs are similar in anatomy to humans, making them useful for educational purposes.

How is a fetal pig's heart different from your heart?

The fetal pig's heart is adapted for fetal circulation, which differs from postnatal circulation.

What is the diaphragm? Where is it located?

The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, located below the lungs.

Name the organs visible in the fetal pig's abdomen.

Organs include the liver, stomach, intestines, and spleen.