Building blocks of nervous system (unfinished)

The brain and spinal cord.

What does the CNS consist of?

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia.

What does the PNS consist of?

Grey matter and white matter.

What are the two types of matter in the CNS?

Neurones and glial cells.

What are the two main types of cells in nervous tissue?

To send signals around the body.

What is the main function of neurones?

Protect, provide nutrients and immune functions to neurones.

What are the main functions of glial cells?

Cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, axon terminals and nucleus.

What are the main structural parts of a neurone?

A central nucleus, usual organelles, Nissl bodies and cytoskeleton.

What does the neurone cell body contain?

Clusters of free ribosomes and rER.

What are Nissl bodies?

Neurofibrils which consist of microtubules and neurofilaments.

What does the cytoskeleton contain?

No.

Does the neurone cell body contain centrioles?

A long, thin, cylindrical projection, only one per neurone and specialised to conduct action potentials.

What is the axon?

Mitochondria and cytoskeletal proteins.

What does an axon contain?

From dendrites to axon terminals.

In which direction does a signal pass along the neurone?

Support cells for neurones.

What are neuroglia?

They are smaller.

How do neuroglia compare in size to neurones?

They are more numerous.

How do neuroglia compare in number to neurones?

No.

Do neuroglia propagate action potentials?

The flow of signals through neuronal circuits.

What do neuroglia determine in neuronal circuits?

They modulate synaptic and non-synaptic transmission.

How do neuroglia affect transmission?

Yes.

Can neuroglia divide and multiply?

They multiply to fill spaces previously occupied by neurones.

What happens to neuroglia in disease?

Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes.

What are the four types of neuroglia in the CNS?

Satellite cells and Schwann cells.

What are the two types of neuroglia in the PNS?

The chemical micro-environment.

What do astrocytes maintain in the chemical environment?

The blood-brain barrier.

What barrier do astrocytes help maintain?

They form scar tissue.

What happens to astrocytes after brain injury?

They provide nutrients to neurones.

How do astrocytes support neurones nutritionally?

They take up excess neurotransmitters.

How do astrocytes affect neurotransmitters?