Surat at-Takathur (English)

أَلْهَاكُمُ (Alhākumu)

Has diverted/distracted you — Root: ل-ه-و (l-h-w), meaning "to be diverted, distracted, engrossed in amusement." Lahw (idle diversion/amusement) directly from this root — the "-kum" ending means "you" (plural).

التَّكَاثُرُ (at-takāthuru)

competing in abundance/increase — Root: ك-ث-ر (k-th-r), meaning "to be many, abundant, plentiful." Same root as al-Kawthar in Surat al-Kawthar. This reciprocal/intensive form (takāthur) specifically means "vying with one another to accumulate more" — boasting through numbers, wealth, or offspring.

حَتَّىٰ (ḥattā)

until — A particle meaning "until." No root — grammatical device marking the extent of the distraction.

زُرْتُمُ (zurtumu)

you visited — Root: ز-و-ر (z-w-r), meaning "to visit." Zūr/ziyārah (visit) directly from this root — here referring to entering/visiting the graves, i.e., until death itself.

الْمَقَابِرَ (al-maqābira)

the graves — Root: ق-ب-ر (q-b-r), meaning "to bury." Same root as "al-qabr" in the dua before the Salam. Maqābir (plural of maqbarah) — the burial grounds.

كَلَّا (Kallā)

No indeed! — A strong particle of rebuttal/refutation, sharply rejecting the preceding heedlessness. No root — a firm corrective interjection, same as in Surat al-Humazah.

سَوْفَ (sawfa)

soon — A future-tense particle, emphasizing a matter yet to come, often carrying a sense of inevitability. No root.

تَعْلَمُونَ (ta'lamūna)

you will know — Root: ع-ل-م ('-l-m), meaning "to know." Same root as al-'Ālamīn in Al-Fatiha and "ya'lamu" in Ayat al-Kursi.

ثُمَّ (thumma)

then — A sequencing conjunction, meaning "then, thereafter," indicating a further stage. No root.

كَلَّا (kallā)

No indeed! — Same as above, repeated for emphasis.

سَوْفَ (sawfa)

soon — Same as above.

تَعْلَمُونَ (ta'lamūna)

you will know — Same word and root as above, the whole warning repeated for emphasis.

كَلَّا (kallā)

Nay — Same particle as above, here transitioning rather than simply rebutting, introducing the conditional clause that follows.

لَوْ (law)

if — A conditional particle ("if"), typically used for a hypothetical/unfulfilled condition. No root.

تَعْلَمُونَ (ta'lamūna)

you knew — Same root ع-ل-م ('-l-m) as above.

عِلْمَ ('ilma)

with (the) knowledge of — Same root ع-ل-م ('-l-m) as above, the noun form here, "'ilm" (knowledge).

الْيَقِينِ (al-yaqīni)

certainty — Root: ي-ق-ن (y-q-n), meaning "to be certain, to have sure/firm conviction." Yaqīn (certainty) directly from this root — describing knowledge free of any doubt.

لَتَرَوُنَّ (latarawunna)

you will surely see — Emphatic "la-" plus "tarawunna" (with emphatic nūn). Root: ر-أ-ي (r-'-y), meaning "to see." Same root as "ara'ayta" in earlier surahs.

الْجَحِيمَ (al-jaḥīma)

the Blazing Fire — Root: ج-ح-م (j-ḥ-m), meaning "to blaze, to burn intensely, to be an intense fire." Al-Jaḥīm is a name for the raging, intensely blazing Hellfire.

ثُمَّ (thumma)

then — Same as above.

لَتَرَوُنَّهَا (latarawunnahā)

you will surely see it — Same root ر-أ-ي (r-'-y) as above, with the object pronoun "-hā" ("it," referring to the Fire).

عَيْنَ ('ayna)

with the eye of — Root: ع-ي-ن ('-y-n), meaning "eye, spring/source, essence." 'Ayn al-yaqīn ("the eye/essence of certainty") describes direct, undeniable eyewitness certainty — beyond mere knowledge, an actual firsthand seeing.

الْيَقِينِ (al-yaqīni)

certainty — Same word and root as above.

ثُمَّ (thumma)

then — Same as above.

لَتُسْأَلُنَّ (latus'alunna)

you will surely be asked — Emphatic "la-" plus "tus'alunna" (with emphatic nūn, passive voice). Root: س-أ-ل (s-'-l), meaning "to ask, to question, to request." Su'āl (question) directly from this root.

يَوْمَئِذٍ (yawma'idhin)

that Day — Compound of "yawm" ("day") and "idhin" ("then/at that time"), meaning "on that day." Root ي-و-م (y-w-m) for "day," same as "Yawm ad-Dīn" in Al-Fatiha.

عَنِ ('ani)

about — Preposition meaning "about, concerning." No root.

النَّعِيمِ (an-na'īmi)

the blessings/pleasures — Root: ن-ع-م (n-'-m), meaning "blessing, grace, favor, comfort." Same root as "an'amta" in Al-Fatiha ("those You have blessed") — here referring to every worldly comfort and favor a person will be questioned about on Judgment Day.