recitation

Hauerwas pacifism

Christian nonresistant, realist, defense of pacifism part of what it means to be Christian way of life, pacifism is about following Jesus, pacifism cannot make violence morally acceptable, challenges issem aid argument, pacifism requires a community

should Christians be pacifist, honest or evasive?

evasive

faithfulness

mostly justified because of the better outcome following the war

pacifism

makes worse, not always good

realist

someone has to stop the violence

just war theorist

some violence is justified

tolstoy

war is never justified, therefore state is immoral & incompatible, violence- never permissible, isn’t just wrong to inflict- corrupts the soul, nonresistance to evil is a righthand discipline, transformative pacifism, calling for abolition of state, has to be individual, government and armies by threat of murder- not military, absolutist, transformative

Erasmus 1466-1536

important European theologies, context: ton of wars caused by Christianity 5-17 million people, 5-20% of Europe’s population died, humanist- deontology, war is more than just costly, personification (she), Christians are fighting each other, not an absolute rule and there’s hypocrisy,

human nature

free will, peace, rational, long-term investment and growth flourishing, safety

why do we choose war?

free will, we are tempted, we are coerced most of us don’t have a choice in war, we are misled, propagate lies, temptation of energy

caplan

pacifism, opposition to war, war- never defensive, must be a limit, never an absolutist open to greater, good argument,

war in practice always includes impermissible

killing

impermissible killing is morally

prohibited

war is morally

prohibited

just war

must meet conditions

means vs ends

goal does not equal means of achieving it

Augustine

Christian just war, commitments to peace and nonviolence. love your enemies, forgive, evil doesn’t need reciprocated, yes sometimes force is morally permissible when used to protect others, peace is the goal motivation matters, need proper intention, need to restore peace, can sometimes justify force, earthly city/city of god, war for conquest glory welath and demonstration

Aquinas

foundational ideas, systematic criteria, legitimate authority, just cause, morally legitimate reason, avoid evil, authority, cause, intention, specific outcome, can be justified, just war

morality

descriptive, how people act, prescriptive- how people should act

deontology

an ethical theory, right versus wrong, rules, duties, obligations,

consequentialism

outcome based on what happens (the ends not the means)

against realism

realism and power, guided by human nature compared to Walzer- ex: melos, Mytilenean debate, proof of universal principles? we do have morality

Walzer

realists are too simple; there are multiple factors

Russell

war and nonresistance, not a fixed law, consequentialist, forcible resistance- best course, no absolutism, pacifism or war, consequentialism is best outcome.

pope Leo

a little pacifist, kind of case based

Jus ad Bellum

right of war

Jus in Bellos

rules and conduct

conventionalism

methodological view, moral and vlaues are socially constructed, cultural factors understand traditions

Walzer CH2

war is a crime, what makes war morally wrong is killing, soldiers aren’t included they’re separated bc they didn’t decide war

Walzer CH3

In bello, what are the morals, who’s responsible, difference from aquinas, can target a combatant and noncombatant. proportionality, not proportional, necessity- actions must be permissible, just be you kill equally

Aggression

the first unprovoked use of force

Sovereignty

govern itself

self-determinism

right to govern self

nationalism

govern itself, use of external loyalty cosmopolitan

natural law

moral principles

positive law

human made ruling and state rules

humanitarian

interests use of military force

aggression UN

UN Charter, refrain from use of force, article 51 critique of persuasion, state could drive its own people

McDougal and Felique

don’t really define it, helpful determination, list of aggressors comprehend aggression. All instances of aggression but the terrorism hard to find, law should not be a binary, either legal, illegal, intermediate law

Luban

romance of the nation, 4 things: nation, people, state, government, do not disagree at borders, government rivalry, you’re too cautious

Walzer

political community, can’t unjust be invading not giving authority, individuals also matter, do not disagree at borders

Mill

few words, left to govern themselves, important traditions nonintervention,mills nonintervention is not absolute

Nardin

common morality what feels rights and wrong, always that it exists, common morality,

Walzer’s view

IR can be controlled as a strategy

agression

wrongful use of force

self defense

use of force by state

internal and external

adequate representation, external is self-determination- external interference

integrity

homeland, right- safe from intrusion

morally wrong

coercive, boundary erasure, physical attacks

independence of international society

all the two attacks, state a attack state b international order, thus become more complicated

colonialism

people establish political control or demonstration

torture

secure physical or mental pain

resistance

oppose, challenge an existing system of power

terrorism

held, political violence beyond those directly included

Algerian war

1830 France invaded then a colony, led to nationalist and French violence, post wwii didn’t get independence FLN took up

Fannon

french psychiatrist joined fight for independence

key ideas of fannon

colonialism is a structure of domination, denied equal authority, racial hierarchy of colonial rule, coercion, military and police violence sustain colonial order

torture and hypocrisy

isn’t civilized political power, claim civilization contradiction torture is essential to colonialism

critical around violence

has to be understood in relation to order