unit 4 pics

Orbicularis oris

Action: movement of mouth and lips

Origin: arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible

Insertion: encircles mouth, inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth

Transverse Abdominis

A: compress abdominal contents

O: cartilages of the last 6 ribs

I: linea alba, pubic crest

Sternocleidomastoid

A: rotate the head to the opposite side or obliquely rotate the head

O: sternum, clavical

I: mastoid process, superior nuchal line of occipital belly

Rectus abdominis

A: creates the 6 pack,bending the lumbar cavity

O: pubic crest, symphysis

I: xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs

Masseter

A: chewing, moving the jaw, elevates mandible

O: zygomatic arch, maxilla

I: angle and ramus if mandible

Orbicularis oculi

A: eyelid movement

O: frontal and maxillary bones, ligaments around orbit, frontal bone

I: tissue of eyelid around eye

External oblique

A: pull the chest downwards, compress the abdonimal cavity

O: lower 8 ribs

I: most fibers insert anteriorly via a broad aponeurosis into linea alba, some into pubic crest and tubercle and iliac crest

Triceps brachii

A: primary extensor of elbow

O: long headm in fraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head, posterior shaft of humerus, medial head, posterior shaft of humerus distal to radical groove

I: by common tendon into olecranon process

Biceps brachii

A: flexes elbow joint, supinates forearm

O: short head, coracoid process, long head, tubercle above and lip of glenoid cavity, tendon of long head runs within capsule and into intertubercle saleus of humerus

I: by common tendon into radial tuberosity, proximal radius

Brachioradialis

A: flexes elbow into forearm

O: humerous

I: radius (distal forearm base of styloid process of radius)

Trapezius

A: stabiizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula, can help extend head

O: occipital bone

I: continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle

External intercostals

A: pull ribs towards one another to elevate rib cage, aid in inspiration, synergist of diaphragm

O: inferior border of rib above

I: superior border of rib below

Latissimus dorsi

A: prime mover of arm extension, power arm adductor, medially rotates arm at shoulder, important role in bringing the arm down in power strokes

O: indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae lumnar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs and iliac crest

Serratus anterior

A: the pulling of the scapula forward and around the rib cage that occurs when someone throws a punch

O: by a series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8

I: entire surface of vertebral border of scapula

Quadriceps femoris

A: crucial in walking and running because it swings legs forward, plays important role in stabilizing patella

O: linea

I: patella

Gluteus maximus

A: major extensor of thigh, climbing stairs and running, responsible for movement in hip or thigh

O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx

I: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial bract, dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx

Biceps femoris

A: extends thigh and flexes knee, laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is flexed

O: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera and distal femur

I: common tendon passes downward and laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Epicranius

A: movemnet of forehead and eyebrows

O: cranial aponeurosis

I: skin of eyebrows

Pectoralis major

A: prime mover of arm flexion, rotates arm medially, adducts arm, aids in climbing, throwingm pushing and forced inspiration

O: sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and aponeurosus of external oblique

I: fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus (proximal end of humerus)

Pterygoids

A: moving jaw left to right

O: sphenoid bone

I: mandible

Diaphragm

A: primary breathing muscle, seperates abdominal and thoracic

O: inferior internal surface or rib cage of sternum, costal cartilages of last 6 ribs and lumbar vertebrae, sternum

I: central tendon

Gastrocnemius

A: plantar flexes foot, running, jumping, most external calf muscle

O: by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur

Soleus

A: aids in running. jumping, deep calf muscle

O: extensive origin from superior tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

TIbialis Anterior

A: shin muscle, dorsiflexes foot, brings foot towards you

O: upper 1/2 & Lateral Condyle of Tibia

I: medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot

Extensor carpi muscles

A: extends and abducts wrist; acts synergystically with extensor carpi radialis longus to steady wrist during finger flexion

O: top of forearm

I: base of third metacarpal

(top of the arm)

Flexor carpi muscles

A: flexor of wrist, abducts hand, weak synergist of elbow flexion

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: base of second and third metacarpals, insertion tendon easily seen and provides guide to position of racial at wrist

(bottom of arm)

Deltoid

A: prime mover of arm abduction along the frontal plane

O: embraces insertion of the trapezius, lateral third of clavicle acromion and spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerous

Internal intercostals

A: draw rib cage together, and depress rib cage, aid in force expiration, antagonistic to external intercostals

O: superior border of rib below

I: inferior border (costal groove) of rib above

Platysma

A: Frowning and flexing your neck

O: Fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoid

I: lower margin of mandible, and skin muscle at corner of mouth

Internal oblique

A: pull the chest downward and compress the abdominal cavity

O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament

I: linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs, and costal margin

Semispinalis capitis

A: maintaining balance of the head on the neck

O: transverse process of C7-T12

I: occipital bone (capitis) and spinous processes of cervical vertebrae