Python Programming Fundamentals: Functions, Operators, and Expressions

Vocabulary flashcards defining fundamental programming concepts, libraries, operators, and control structures in Python.

Math Functions

Specialized functions contained in the math library (imported via import math) used for advanced calculations such as square roots, trigonometric functions, and rounding.

Random Library

A built-in Python module (import random) providing tools for pseudo-random number generation, random choices, and shuffling sequences.

Format Specifiers

Control directives used inside f-strings or format strings to specify field width, text alignment, decimal precision, and numeric type display (e.g., f"{val:.2f}").

Reference

An abstraction where a variable stores the memory address pointing to an object rather than containing the raw data directly.

Relational Operators

Operators (==, !=,

Boolean Expression

Any logical expression that evaluates to a single Boolean value (True or False).

if-else Statements

A dual-branch selection structure that executes one code block if a Boolean expression is True and an alternative else block if it is False.

Logical Operators

Operators (and, or, not) used to combine or negate Boolean expressions according to formal truth table rules.

Operator Precedence & Associativity

Rules governing the execution order of operators in complex expressions. Precedence sets operator priority, while associativity determines left-to-right or right-to-left evaluation order.

A

65

a

97

<

Left aligned

>

Right aligned