Occupational Competence Quiz 2

What are performance skills?

Goal-directed actions that are observable as small unites of Engagement in daily life occupations

Learned and developed over time

Situated in specific contexts and environment.

What are the three types of performance skills?

Motor skills

Processing skills

Social interaction skills

What do motor skills involve?

How a person moves themselves or task objects in the environment

What do process skills involved?

How a person selects, interacts, and uses task tools and materials

Carries out individual actions and steps

Modifies performance when needed

What do social interaction skills involve?

How a person interacts and communicated with others during a social exchange

What is the list of motor skills?

Aligns, Stabilizes

Positions, Reaches

Bends, Grips

Manipulates, Coordinates

Moves, Lifts

Walks, Transports

Calibrates, Flow

Endures, Paces

What is the list of process skills?

Paces, Attends

Heeds, Chooses

Uses, Handles

Inquires, Initiates

Continues, Sequences

Terminates, Searches/locates

Gathers, Organizes

Restores, Navigates

Notice/responds, Adjusts

Accommodates, Benefits

What is the list of social interaction skills?

Approaches/starts, Concludes/disengages

Produces speech, Gesticulates

Speaks fluently, Turns toward

Looks, Places self

Touches, Regulates

Questions, Replies

Discloses, Expresses emotion

Disagrees, Thanks

Transitions, Time response

Time duration, Takes turns

Matches Language, Clarifies

Acknowledges/encourages, Empathizes

Heeds, Accommodates, Benefits

What are performance patterns?

Patterns of behavior related to an individual's daily life activities that are habitual or routine and influence participation in occupations

What are the types of performance patterns?

Habits

Routines

Rituals

Roles

Define Habit

Automatic behaviors integrated into complex patterns that enable people to

function day-to-day

Performed repeatedly

Relatively automatically

With little variation

Habits can be...

Useful

Dominating

Impoverished

Support

Hinder

Define Routines

Patterns of behavior that are observable, regular, and repetitive, providing for daily life; involved sequencing or combining steps and occupation

What are the types of routines?

Satisfying

Promoting

Damaging

What are characteristics of routines?

Require time commitment

Embedded in cultural and ecological context

Define rituals

Symbolic actions with spiritual, cultural, or social meaning that

Contribute to a person's identity

Reinforce values and beliefs

Have a strong affective component

Represent a collection of events

Define Roles

Set of behaviors expected by society

Shaped by culture

Defined by the individual

What does "crossing over" developmentally mean?

Moving out of the adolescent world and questions one's place in the world; involves separations, endings, and beginnings as one explores adult roles and identities

What happens during "crossing over"?

Exploring possibilities in the adult world, testing living choices and developing an initial adult identity

What age range defines emerging adulthood?

18-29

What are characteristics of emerging adulthood? (18-29)

Exploring work, School, Belief, Values and love relationships

Prolonged identity and occupational development

Feeling "in between"; delaying full transition to adulthood

What does it mean to "form a dream" during crossing over?

Creating a vision of one's future and identifying a place within an adult life structure

How long does a typical mentor relationship last during crossing over?

About 2-3 years

What key life task occur during crossing over?

Choosing an occupation, forming love relationships, and developing commitments that may lead to marriage and family

How was the transition to adulthood different for previous generations?

It followed a predictable sequence and timeline

How is the transition to adulthood for current generations?

It is protracted (longer) and non-predictable, integrating age, cognitive and physical development, and social experience

What is the age range for Established Adulthood?

Age 30-45

What are characteristics of Established Adulthood? (30-45)

Achieved independence

Managing adult responsibilities such as career, relationships, and parenting

Balancing work and home demands

Managing time and stress

Adjusting to occupational changes

When does skeletal maturity peak?

Between age 25-35

When does peak strength occur?

In the 30s, with limited decline until around age 50

What is a potential hazard of being strong and healthy in young adulthood?

It may lead to overlooking or neglecting healthy behaviors

What are "Hidden Hazards" during the transition to adulthood?

Increased autonomy

Affiliation with peers

High risk-taking behaviors such as binge drinking, substance use, and reckless behavior

What substances are most commonly misused during Emerging Adulthood?

Alcohol (binge drinking 5+)

Cigarettes

Marijuana

Amphetamines

Barbiturates

Hallucinogens

What population has the highest rates of traumatic SCI and TBI?

Males in young adulthood

What are common causes of traumatic SCI and TBI in young adults?

Motor vehicle accidents

Falls

Violence

What are additional risk factors during Emerging Adulthood? (18-29)

Substance abuse

Relationship stress

Other stressful life events

What psychosocial stage corresponds with young adulthood?

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)

How does cognitive development change in young adulthood?

Individuals can see others’ perspectives

Establish relationships

Set long-term goals

Make decisions with lasting consequences

What helps young adults cope with stress?

Developing resilience and effective coping strategies

What home management occupations must young adults master when living independently?

Meal prep

Shopping

Bill paying

Maintaining the home

Cleaning

Yard work

General maintenance

What are key themes of young adulthood?

Educational and career choices

Leaving home

Developing intimate or marriage relationships, and parenting

What are the three stages of Ginzberg's Developmental Theory of career choice?

Fantasy (up to age 11)

Tentative (ages 11–17)

Realistic (ages 18–20)

What happens during the Realistic stage of Ginzberg's theory?

Experimentation period and Crystallization of vocational choice

What are the stages of Super's Theory of career development?

Childhood: ideas about self

Adolescence: clarity about self, continued development

18-21: specifying occupations

21-24: implementing career decisions

25-35: stabilizing vocational choice

What is a continuous career path?

Following a single, stable career trajectory without major interruptions

What is a discontinuous career path?

Changing jobs or careers

Taking breaks for family or personal reasons

What are the functions of dating?

Learn about self

Identify compatible partners

Develop personal interests

Engage in leisure

Enhance social status

Prepare for marriage

What is the purpose of courtship?

Period when one or both partners consider marriage, exploring values, beliefs, family relationships, and long-term goals

What are the functions of engagement?

Strengthens the relationship

Unites families

Prepares for married life

Allows for in-depth assessment of compatibility

What are characteristics of marriage and relationships in young adulthood?

Exploring intimacy and sexuality

Timing varies by culture

Influenced by personal, economic, and social factors Includes role delineation and cohabitation

What are top personal definitions of success for both males and females aged 18-29?

Having a fulfilling job/career

Having enough money for desired activities

Achieving financial independence

What goals differ slightly between young men and women regarding success?

Females place higher value on emotional stability and having children

Males more often value being married

How has average family size changed since the 1950s?

Decreased from 3.1 children (1950s) to about 1.94 (2023)

What remains a strong goal and value in marriage for some?

Childbearing and parenting

What do some young adults value more than marriage?

Parenting

What occupations are included in parenting roles?

Child care

Community involvement

Managing home life

Why are leisure exploration and engagement lowest in young adulthood?

Due to competing demands of work, family, and other adult responsibilities.

What types of occupations are young adults typically engaged in?

Work

Education

Relationships

Parenting

Home management

What happens to spirituality and religion in young adulthood?

Individuals explore and refine belief systems, are generally less religious than older adults, and often return to organized religion when they become parents

What is Occupational Science?

A scientific study of humans as occupational beings, focusing on everyday activities that bring purpose, meaning, and structure to life.

Purpose of Occupational Science

To understand what people do, why they do it, and how daily occupations influence health, identity, and well-being

How Occupations Are Categorized

Occupations are viewed across multiple layers—biological, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual—showing how they interact to shape human experience

Examples of Occupation Complexity

Activities like fly fishing or knitting involve coordination, motivation, cultural identity, and even spirituality, revealing the depth of human engagement

How Occupational Science Research Is Conducted

Uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to study the lived experiences of individuals in daily life, focusing on meaning, participation, and function

Difference Between Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy

Occupational Science is the theoretical and research-based science of occupation

Occupational Therapy is the clinical practice applying that science to help people engage in meaningful activities.

How Occupational Science Informs Occupational Therapy

Provides the evidence base and conceptual understanding that guide OT practice, helping therapists design interventions grounded in the science of occupation

Ultimate Goal of Occupational Science

To promote human flourishing, social justice, and well-being through understanding and supporting engagement in everyday life